零跑，可算有点工厂直销的样子了

Core Viewpoint - The consensus among investors in the domestic automotive industry is that car manufacturers that cannot produce their own components are not considered good companies [1] Group 1: Supply Chain Management - In the current market competition, every car manufacturer needs to find a delicate balance between cost and profit [2] - Car manufacturers manage suppliers in three layers: direct purchase, cooperative development, and self-manufacturing of key components [3][7] - The first layer involves a direct buying-selling model where each manufacturer typically works with thousands of suppliers, undergoing multiple assessments of price, quality, and stability [5][6] - The second layer is a cooperative model where manufacturers deeply participate in technology development, as seen with Li Auto and its partnership with Aisin [8] - The third layer involves manufacturers self-developing and self-manufacturing key components, which allows them to extract profits from the supply chain [9] Group 2: Vertical Integration - Vertical integration is driven by necessity, with electric vehicle hardware costs divided into five parts: battery (40%), electric drive system (12%-13%), automotive electronics (13%-14%), body and chassis (14%-15%), and interior/exterior trim (17%) [10] - Only two players currently cover all R&D and manufacturing: Leap Motor and BYD [11] - Leap Motor focuses on rationalism in self-manufacturing components, while BYD emphasizes practical integration of its supply chain [12][18] - BYD has over 100 component factories and has built a vertically integrated supply chain from mining lithium to selling cars [18] - Leap Motor's self-manufactured components cover 70% of its vehicle costs, providing a competitive edge [9] Group 3: Profitability and Cost Management - Vertical integration allows manufacturers to eliminate middlemen, potentially leading to significant profit margins [21] - BYD's internal production of batteries is 20% cheaper than external sourcing, contributing to an increase in gross margin from 17.4% in 2021 to 22.3% in 2024 [21] - Leap Motor's gross margin turned positive for the first time after eight years, reaching 14.1% in the first half of 2025 [23] - Cost management strategies include achieving a production capacity utilization rate of over 70% and maximizing the commonality of components [27][28] Group 4: Supplier Dynamics - Car manufacturers are increasingly acting as suppliers, with BYD providing 15.6 GWh of batteries to new car manufacturers, earning an additional 1 billion yuan in net profit [33] - Leap Motor is also diversifying its revenue by supplying components to other manufacturers, projecting over 2 billion yuan in income from external supply by 2025 [39] - The competitive landscape requires manufacturers to either enhance internal component commonality or rely on external supply channels [31][32] Group 5: Future Outlook - The automotive industry is undergoing a reshuffle, with a focus on supply chain restructuring [40] - Leap Motor aims to achieve over 80% self-manufactured components, surpassing BYD's current 75% [52] - The goal is to increase production scale while reducing costs, leveraging the principle of economies of scale [54]