TF Securities(SH:601162) Tianfeng Securities·2025-09-16 04:43Report Industry Investment Rating No relevant content provided. Core Viewpoints of the Report - The bond market maintains a volatile trend, with the key being the upper and lower limits of the range. For the 30Y Treasury bond rate, the current top position is not apparent, and the crucial factor is when the allocation buyers will enter the market [1][9]. - The ultra - long bonds lack the support of allocation buyers and it is difficult to resolve this issue in the short term. Meanwhile, the trading buyers still have the momentum and space to sell ultra - long bonds. The ultra - long bond rate is not at its peak, but it doesn't mean a bearish outlook [1][2][5][6]. Summary According to the Directory 1. Ultra - long bonds lack allocation buyers and it is difficult to solve in the short term 1.1 Old problems remain unsolved: The bond - buying efforts of city commercial banks, rural commercial banks, and insurance companies have been continuously weak this year - City commercial banks and rural commercial banks: Their liability expansion has slowed down due to the migration of deposits to non - bank sectors. Many have OCI floating losses, and adjusting bond positions would turn floating losses into real losses, thus limiting their bond - buying space. Also, their business focus has shifted back to deposit and loan operations [10][13][19]. - Insurance companies: The expansion of their liability side has slowed down due to the reduction of the predetermined interest rate of insurance products. The investment income from the bond market may not cover their high - cost liabilities, making the equity market more attractive [21]. 1.2 New problems have emerged: The supply pressure of ultra - long bonds has increased, and the "interest rate risk" of large banks has been continuously accumulating - Bank book interest rate risk: It measures the risk that interest rate changes cause losses to the economic value and overall income of the bank book. Banks need to conduct regular stress tests, and systemically important banks' maximum economic value change loss in six scenarios cannot exceed 15% of their Tier 1 capital [22]. - Reasons for concern this year: There is a resonance of greater supply pressure of ultra - long bonds, stronger selling pressure, and weak allocation buyers. The supply pressure of ultra - long bonds has been rapidly accumulating since the second half of last year, and the issuance rhythm has accelerated this year. At the same time, the selling pressure has concentratedly emerged this year [23]. - Reasons for large banks' bond - buying in the current spot data: Not all banks face interest rate risk problems; buying short - term bonds has little impact on interest rate risk indicators; some banks can still buy bonds as "market - makers" [28]. - Buying short - term bonds cannot hedge interest rate risk: It only affects the slope of the increase in interest rate risk, not the direction [3][35]. 1.3 Difficult to relieve in the short term: Discussion on three paths to relieve "interest rate risk" - Supply - side approach: Reducing the issuance of ultra - long bonds is difficult because the government bond issuance plan is already determined and related to debt - resolution plans. The supply pressure of ultra - long bonds may persist until 2028 [36]. - Demand - side approach: Supplementing bank capital to improve the carrying capacity is not feasible in the short term, and it will further increase the bond market supply pressure [36]. - Monetary policy coordination approach: The central bank's purchase of bonds is mainly for "base money injection and liquidity management", so the purchase term may not be too long [37]. 2. Trading buyers still have the momentum and space to sell ultra - long bonds - Last week, funds net - sold 1128 billion yuan of interest - rate bonds, including 357 billion yuan of bonds with a maturity of over 10 years, the fourth - highest weekly net - selling volume this year. The reasons include the release of the draft for comments on fee adjustment, which increased the concern of bond funds about redemptions; the risk accumulation caused by the duration - extension behavior at the end of August; and the asymmetric stock - bond linkage, which led to the successive selling of pure - bond funds and hybrid bond funds [38]. 3. The ultra - long bond rate is not at its peak, but it doesn't mean a bearish outlook - The bond market is still in a volatile range, but the upper limit of the interest - rate range has been extended. The extension is due to the expected redemptions of bond funds after the fund fee reform and the delayed entry of allocation buyers caused by the decline in the carrying capacity of large banks [43]. - The 10Y Treasury bond rate has no obvious resistance in the range of 1.80% - 1.90%, and the 30Y Treasury bond rate has no apparent top. When judging the allocation value of ultra - long bonds, the key is when the allocation buyers will enter the market [44].