Public Disclosure Authorized CHOOSING OUR FUTURE: Education for Climate Action Shwetlena Sabarwal, Sergio Venegas Marin, Marla Spivack, and Diego Ambasz Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized © 2024 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank 1818 H Street NW Washington DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000 Internet: www.worldbank.org This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions. The findings, interpreta ...

Investment Rating - The report does not explicitly provide an investment rating for the fiscal policy in China, but it indicates that there is significant room for improvement in the redistributive capacity of the fiscal system [17][18]. Core Insights - Fiscal policy in China effectively reduces inequality by approximately 10.3 Gini points, positioning China around the median of upper-middle-income countries in terms of redistribution achieved [17][18]. - The primary drivers of inequality reduction are in-kind benefits from education and health spending, while cash transfers play a smaller role [18]. - The report suggests enhancing the progressivity of the fiscal system by increasing revenues from progressive taxes and cash-based social benefits [18]. Summary by Sections Overview of Fiscal System - The fiscal system's redistributive power is influenced by its size and progressivity, with total fiscal revenue in China amounting to 26,197 billion RMB in 2018, representing 29.1% of GDP [20][22]. - Tax revenues account for nearly 60% of total revenue, with the largest components being value-added tax (VAT), corporate income tax, and personal income tax [20][22]. Revenue and Expenditure - Total public expenditure in 2018 was 22,090 billion RMB, or 24.5% of GDP, with social expenditure comprising about 37% of this total [32][35]. - Education and health expenditures are significant components of social spending, accounting for 14.6% and 7.1% of total expenditure, respectively [34][35]. Inequality and Redistribution - The analysis indicates that while the fiscal system reduces inequality, it also highlights the burden of user fees in health care, which may limit access for lower-income families [18]. - The report emphasizes the need for a more progressive tax structure to better address income inequality, particularly through personal income taxes and increased cash transfers [18]. Data and Methodology - The study utilizes data from the 2018 China Family Panel Study, combining household survey data with administrative sources to assess the impact of fiscal policy on inequality [40][41]. - The methodology follows the Commitment to Equity framework, allowing for a detailed analysis of how taxes and transfers affect household income distribution [41][42].

Investment Rating - The report does not explicitly provide an investment rating for the industry Core Insights - Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) has the potential to significantly enhance efficiency in public administration by automating tasks that currently consume 60-70% of employee time, such as content synthesis and citizen interaction [3] - The German government plans to invest €1.5 billion by 2025 to expand the AI sector and leverage its potential for employees and businesses [3][4] - Successful scaling of GenAI in public administration depends on seven key factors, including regulatory frameworks, centralized provision of solutions, and effective risk management [5][15] Summary by Sections Investment Rating - No specific investment rating provided in the report Core Insights - GenAI can close efficiency gaps and accelerate the digitalization process in public administration [3] - Current usage of GenAI in public administration is primarily through pilot projects, with a focus on creating acceptance and demonstrating effectiveness [3] - The true potential of GenAI lies in its scaled, widespread use across different authorities [3] Preconditions for Widespread Use of GenAI - A reliable regulatory framework is necessary for scaling GenAI applications in Germany, addressing data protection and quality assurance [5] - Transparency regarding data protection and security is essential for GenAI to be perceived as a reliable technology [7] Success Factors for Technical Scaling - Centralized provision of functional GenAI solutions can facilitate broader use in administrative organizations [8] - A unified governance structure for the widespread deployment of GenAI solutions is crucial [9] - Existing technical infrastructure must be expanded to support GenAI solutions effectively [10] Success Factors for Accelerated Scaling - Systematic development of skills and recruitment of GenAI talent is necessary for effective deployment [13] - Encouraging the exchange of GenAI solutions among different authorities can reduce redundancy and improve efficiency [14] - Establishing effective risk management practices is vital to identify and mitigate risks associated with GenAI usage [15][16]

Investment Rating - The report does not explicitly provide an investment rating for the industry. Core Insights - The report emphasizes the importance of government analytics in improving public administration by leveraging existing data to enhance effectiveness and efficiency [18][21][36]. - It highlights the significant potential for data-driven decision-making in public sectors across Europe, suggesting that better measurement leads to better outcomes [25][26]. - The report outlines the challenges faced by governments in adopting analytics, including data access issues and the complexity of public administration [27][38]. Summary by Sections Chapter 1: The Power of Measurement and Analytics for Better Public Administration - Government analytics is defined as the use of existing data to assess and improve public administration [18]. - The report argues that despite being data-rich, governments often fail to utilize data effectively for performance improvement [21][22]. - It stresses the need for careful measurement to inform decision-making and enhance public service delivery [24][25]. Chapter 2: Understanding Public Administration from Administrative Data - Governments are producing more data than ever, which can be repurposed for analytics to understand and improve their operations [23]. - The chapter discusses the importance of administrative data in providing insights into public administration performance [34]. Chapter 3: Understanding Public Administration from Surveys of Public Servants - Surveys of public servants can reveal insights into management quality and employee motivation, which are critical for effective public administration [30]. - The chapter emphasizes the role of employee feedback in assessing and improving public sector performance [29]. Chapter 4: Understanding Public Administration through Impact Evaluations - Impact evaluations are presented as a method to test and refine public policies and programs based on real-time data [36]. - The chapter discusses how these evaluations can lead to better policy choices and improved public administration outcomes [37]. Chapter 5: Understanding Public Administration from the Outside - The report highlights the importance of external data sources in understanding government outcomes and the relationship between public and private sectors [23]. - It discusses the need for a comprehensive approach to data analytics that includes both internal and external data [34]. Case Studies - The report includes case studies from Croatia, Estonia, Lithuania, and the Slovak Republic, illustrating the application of government analytics in different contexts [23]. - These examples demonstrate the successes and challenges of implementing analytics in public administration across various European countries [23].

Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Policy Research Working Paper 10886 Spilling Over The Benefits of Public Works Projects for Groundwater in India A. Patrick Behrer Hemant Pullabhotla Development Economics Development Research Group September 2024 Public Disclosure Authorized Policy Research Working Paper 10886 Abstract Depletion of groundwater is a major challenge in India. This paper examines how a major rural public works program (Mahatma Gandhi Nation ...

Investment Rating - The report does not explicitly provide an investment rating for the industry or companies involved. Core Insights - Equinor has become the most valuable Nordic brand with a brand value of EUR15.6 billion, marking a 24% increase from the previous year, driven by rising revenues and a strategic shift towards renewable energy [19][20][21] - IKEA, which held the top position for 11 years, has dropped to second place with a brand value of EUR14.7 billion, reflecting a 4% decrease due to market challenges [19][20][21] - Volvo has re-entered the top three most valuable Nordic brands, with a brand value increase of 29% to EUR10.9 billion, attributed to its transformation towards sustainability and electric vehicles [21][22] - LEGO is recognized as the strongest brand in the Nordic region, achieving a Brand Strength Index score of 87.9 and a brand value increase of 3% to EUR7.4 billion [24][25] - Novo Nordisk has seen a significant brand value increase of 59% to EUR4.7 billion, driven by the demand for its diabetes and weight-loss medications [27] Summary by Sections Ranking Analysis - Equinor's brand value increased by 24% to EUR15.6 billion, surpassing IKEA, which decreased by 4% to EUR14.7 billion [20][21] - Volvo's brand value rose by 29% to EUR10.9 billion, reflecting its commitment to sustainability [21][22] - LEGO's brand value increased by 3% to EUR7.4 billion, maintaining its position as the strongest brand in the region [24][25] - Novo Nordisk's brand value surged by 59% to EUR4.7 billion, driven by strong demand for its medications [27] Brand Value Ranking - The top three most valuable Nordic brands in 2024 are Equinor (EUR15.6 billion), IKEA (EUR14.7 billion), and Volvo (EUR10.9 billion) [23][30] - The report highlights the significant changes in brand values and rankings compared to the previous year, with notable increases for Equinor, Volvo, and Novo Nordisk [23][30] Sustainability Perceptions - Equinor has the highest Sustainability Perceptions Value at EUR1.4 billion, indicating strong consumer consideration for sustainability in the oil and gas sector [30][31]

Public Disclosure Authorized Policy Research Working Paper 10883 A Learning Agenda for Community-Driven Development Responding to Complex Contextual, Evaluation, and Inference Challenges Patrick Barron Patricia Fernandes Stephen Winkler Michael Woolcock Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Social Sustainability and Inclusion Global Practice & Development Research Group August 2024 Public Disclosure Authorized Policy Research Working Paper 10883 Abstract | --- | |------------------------ ...

Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Building Evidence to Enhance the Welfare of Refugees and Host Communities Public Disclosure Authorized Insights from the Kenya Longitudinal Socioeconomic Study of Refugees and Host Communities Public Disclosure Authorized ORLD BANK Building Evidence to Enhance the Welfare of Refugees and Host Communities 2 Building Evidence to Enhance the Welfare of Refugees and Host Communities Building Evidence to Enhance the Welfare of Refugees and Host Communitie ...

Investment Rating - The report does not explicitly provide an investment rating for the industry Core Insights - The paper emphasizes the importance of investing in skills to facilitate job transitions and structural transformation across various economies, highlighting the need for a balance between human capital and physical capital investments to achieve efficient labor market outcomes [6][19][38] Summary by Sections 1. Introduction - The introduction discusses the contrasting job outcomes in Vietnam and Indonesia despite similar investments in education, illustrating the critical role of labor market demand and complementary factors in determining job outcomes [17][18] 2. Human Capital and Structural Transformation - Skills accumulation is identified as a key driver of structural transformation, with evidence showing that increased education correlates with a decline in agricultural employment and a shift towards more skill-intensive sectors [21][22] - The report highlights that higher education levels are associated with better job transitions, with a significant portion of formal wage workers holding tertiary degrees [27][35] 3. Balancing Skills Supply and Demand - The report outlines the dynamics of education in the workforce and the returns to education, emphasizing that when human capital improvements are not matched by labor demand, returns to education decline [57] - Successful structural transformations are characterized by higher educational attainment levels at the onset compared to static periods, with significant differences in gross enrollment ratios across education levels [59]

VIEWPOINT 2024 S C A L I N G I N N OVAT I O N S U C C E S S V I A B R E A K T H R O U G H INNOVATION FACTORY AUTHORS Meeting the growing need to industrialize breakthrough innovation delivery Arnaud Siraudin Sandro Bacan Growing global mega challenges and rising competition mean that generating a steady stream of breakthrough innovations is central to organizational success. However, traditional corporate structures and capabilities are geared toward supporting incremental innovation programs, which require ...