拆解特斯拉机器人供应链：30 多位从业者看到的泡沫和希望

Core Viewpoint - Tesla is pioneering the humanoid robot industry, but significant challenges remain in achieving mass production and efficiency comparable to human labor [2][47]. Group 1: Market Dynamics - Tesla's humanoid robot project has led to a 93% increase in the A-share robotics sector since its announcement, while the broader market has only seen a 1% rise [3]. - Over 100 billion yuan has been invested by global venture capitalists and suppliers in humanoid robots since Tesla's initial showcase in October 2022 [3][4]. - The global humanoid robot industry is expected to ship nearly 20,000 units this year, which is only about the weekly production of Rolex watches [4]. Group 2: Production Challenges - Tesla's humanoid robot production is still in the early stages, with significant manual assembly required, and no robots have yet proven to effectively replace blue-collar workers [4][5]. - The production of Tesla's humanoid robots is labor-intensive, with engineers reportedly working 16-hour days to meet production demands [4][5]. - The first generation of Tesla's Optimus robot has transitioned from experimental to industrial production, marking a critical step in the supply chain [5]. Group 3: Technical Innovations - Tesla's humanoid robots utilize approximately 30 actuators to perform movements, a significant reduction compared to the complexity of human muscle coordination [6][10]. - The company has adopted a linear actuator design to enhance load-bearing capabilities, which is a departure from traditional rotary joints [10][13]. - Advanced components like planetary roller screws and RV reducers are critical for the robot's performance, with the screws alone costing over 4,000 yuan each [13][26]. Group 4: Supply Chain and Collaboration - Tesla has engaged hundreds of global suppliers to develop specific components for its humanoid robots, leading to a complete supply chain for the first time [21][24]. - Key suppliers like Sanhua Intelligent Control and Top Group have significantly benefited from their partnership with Tesla, growing into billion-dollar companies [23]. - The rapid iteration and high precision required for components have posed challenges for many suppliers, with some unable to keep pace with Tesla's demands [22][24]. Group 5: Economic Viability - The estimated cost of producing a Tesla humanoid robot is around $60,000, which is still far from the target of $20,000 to $30,000 [25][26]. - The economic feasibility of humanoid robots is questioned, as the cost of a single robot is equivalent to 15 months of salary for a local worker [45]. - Tesla's production goals have been adjusted, with the target for 1 million units pushed back to 2029, reflecting the complexities involved in humanoid robot manufacturing [47].