全固态电池上车，就差临门一脚了？

Core Viewpoint - The year 2026 is anticipated to be a breakthrough year for revolutionary technologies in the electric vehicle (EV) sector, particularly with the introduction of all-solid-state batteries by major automakers in China [1][2]. Group 1: All-Solid-State Battery Overview - Major Chinese automakers, including Changan, SAIC, GAC, Dongfeng, Geely, and Chery, have set 2026 as the target year for the deployment of all-solid-state batteries [2]. - All-solid-state batteries offer significantly higher energy density compared to traditional lithium batteries, with theoretical pure electric range reaching up to 2000 km [2][4]. - The non-flammable nature of the electrolyte in all-solid-state batteries eliminates the risk of thermal runaway and combustion [3][4]. Group 2: Industry Standards and Definitions - The China Society of Automotive Engineers has released the "All-Solid-State Battery Determination Method" (T/CSAE 434-2025), marking the first global standard defining what constitutes an all-solid-state battery [7][10]. - The standard aims to clarify the confusion between solid-state, semi-solid, and all-solid-state batteries, which has been a significant issue in the industry [11][10]. - The new standard specifies that the moisture content in the electrolyte of an all-solid-state battery must not exceed 1% [20]. Group 3: Technical Aspects and Testing - The testing method for determining all-solid-state batteries involves visual inspection for liquid leakage and a weight loss test under vacuum conditions [21][22][27]. - The method has been validated by over 50 companies, demonstrating a low error rate of less than 0.3% [27]. Group 4: Sulfide Electrolytes and Commercial Viability - Sulfide electrolytes are highlighted as the most commercially viable option for all-solid-state batteries, with several automakers announcing imminent production [35][38]. - Sulfide electrolytes exhibit high ionic conductivity, making them suitable for high charging rates and wide temperature ranges [38][41]. - The interface issue between the solid electrolyte and electrodes is a critical challenge that needs to be addressed for mass production [46]. Group 5: Challenges and Cost Considerations - Despite their advantages, sulfide solid-state batteries face challenges such as poor chemical stability and high production costs [52][67]. - The cost of materials, particularly germanium used in sulfide electrolytes, is significantly high, impacting overall battery production costs [68][70]. - Manufacturing processes for sulfide solid-state batteries require extremely dry conditions, leading to higher production costs compared to traditional batteries [74][76]. Group 6: Historical Context and Future Outlook - Japan initially led research in solid-state electrolytes but has fallen behind in commercializing these technologies due to a focus on hybrid and hydrogen fuel cell technologies [84][85]. - In contrast, Chinese battery manufacturers have made significant progress in the last decade, positioning themselves to lead in the all-solid-state battery market [87][88].