司美格鲁肽服用两年，身体会产生什么变化？

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the long-term effects of semaglutide, a GLP-1 receptor agonist, on weight management, metabolic health, and cardiovascular health based on the STEP 5 clinical trial results [2][19]. Weight Management - The STEP 5 trial demonstrated that obese patients using semaglutide experienced an average weight loss of 15% to 17% over two years, with some losing over 20% of their body weight [7]. - For a patient weighing 100 kg, this translates to a potential weight loss of 15 to 17 kg, allowing them to move out of the obesity category and approach a normal weight range [7]. - The weight loss primarily resulted from a reduction in body fat rather than muscle loss, which helps maintain overall health [9]. - Patients typically saw a waist circumference reduction of over 10 cm, decreasing the risk of metabolic diseases [9]. - The trial indicated that continuous use of semaglutide aids in maintaining weight loss, with a significantly higher proportion of patients sustaining their weight compared to the control group [9]. Metabolic Health - Semaglutide showed significant improvements in blood sugar control, with a reduction in HbA1c levels by an average of 0.5% to 1% among non-diabetic patients [10]. - The trial also revealed positive changes in lipid metabolism, with a notable decrease in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and an increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), reducing the risk of metabolic syndrome [12]. - There was a significant drop in triglyceride levels, further lowering cardiovascular risk associated with lipid metabolism abnormalities [13]. Cardiovascular Health - Although the primary focus of the STEP 5 trial was on weight and metabolic health, semaglutide also provided significant cardiovascular benefits [14]. - Patients experienced an average reduction in systolic blood pressure by 5-7 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure by 2-4 mmHg, which is particularly beneficial for obese patients with hypertension or at risk of hypertension [14]. - Improvements in lipid balance within blood vessels were observed, reducing the risk of atherosclerosis and consequently lowering the likelihood of coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, and stroke [17]. Conclusion - The results from the STEP 5 trial highlight the comprehensive advantages of semaglutide in treating obesity, showing that long-term use can lead to significant weight loss, improved metabolic health, and enhanced cardiovascular health, thereby reducing the risk of various chronic diseases [19].