印尼，日系车最后的堡垒开始崩塌

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the significant shift in the automotive market in Southeast Asia, particularly in Thailand and Indonesia, where Chinese electric vehicle manufacturers are rapidly gaining market share at the expense of Japanese automakers [4][5][6]. Group 1: Market Dynamics - In Thailand, the market share of Japanese automakers has dropped from 90% to 76% within two years due to the aggressive entry of over 20 Chinese brands, including BYD [4]. - Indonesia, historically dominated by Japanese brands, is experiencing a similar trend with the rise of Chinese electric vehicles, leading to a reassessment of production capacities by Japanese manufacturers [5][8]. - In 2024, Indonesian automotive sales fell by 13.9% year-on-year, yet it remains the largest automotive market in Southeast Asia with 866,000 units sold [7]. Group 2: Sales and Market Share - The sales of pure electric vehicles in Indonesia surged by 267% in the first half of 2025, reaching 35,749 units, with Chinese brands accounting for 93% of this total [8]. - The market share of Chinese brands in Indonesia increased from 3.4% in 2023 to 10.4% in the first quarter of 2025, while Japanese brands' share decreased from over 76% in 2024 to around 71% in 2025 [8][10]. - Toyota's sales in Indonesia for 2024 were 289,000 units, maintaining a market share of 33.4%, but showing a decline in production and sales [10]. Group 3: Export Trends - Despite domestic sales declines, Indonesia's automotive exports rose by 7% in the first half of 2025, totaling 233,600 units [10][11]. - Toyota's exports from Indonesia contributed significantly to its revenue, accounting for 60% of the company's income [11]. Group 4: Government Policies and Industry Strategy - The Indonesian government has implemented a multi-layered policy incentive system to promote electric vehicle production, including tax reductions and local production requirements [13][14]. - Indonesia aims to become a hub for electric vehicles by 2030, targeting a market of 2.2 million electric vehicles and an annual production capacity of 500,000 units [14]. Group 5: Resource Management - Indonesia possesses significant mineral resources essential for electric vehicle batteries, being the world's largest nickel producer and second-largest cobalt producer [16]. - The government has enacted export bans on unprocessed minerals to enhance local processing and attract investment in battery manufacturing [16]. Group 6: Investment and Manufacturing - Several Chinese automakers, including Xpeng and GAC Aion, have established local manufacturing facilities in Indonesia, positioning the country as a key export center for electric vehicles [18][19][20]. - Japanese automakers, including Toyota and Mitsubishi, are also increasing their investments in electric vehicle production in Indonesia [22].