Coinbase(US:COIN) 36氪·2025-09-04 10:38Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the rapid growth and significance of stablecoins in the financial landscape, highlighting their potential as a new payment tool and their role in cross-border transactions, while also addressing the associated risks and regulatory developments [4][5][21]. Summary by Sections What is "Stablecoin"? - Stablecoins are digital currencies designed to maintain a stable value, typically pegged to fiat currencies like the US dollar or euro. They provide a solution to the volatility of cryptocurrencies, allowing for smoother transactions and capital flow [7][8]. - There are four main types of stablecoins: fiat-collateralized, crypto-collateralized, algorithmic, and commodity-collateralized. Fiat-collateralized stablecoins dominate the market, accounting for 97.4% of the total market cap [8][9]. Market Overview - As of early 2025, the total market cap of stablecoins surged from under $2 billion in 2019 to over $250 billion, with a compound annual growth rate exceeding 100%. The trading volume of stablecoins reached tens of trillions of dollars in 2024, surpassing the combined transaction volume of Visa and Mastercard [5][11]. - The leading stablecoin, USDT, has a market cap exceeding $167 billion, representing about 60% of the total market. USDC follows with a market cap of around $67 billion, accounting for approximately 24% [11][12]. Profit Model and Value of Stablecoins - The primary profit source for fiat-collateralized stablecoins is the "reserve interest margin," where funds exchanged for stablecoins are invested in low-risk assets, generating significant interest income. For instance, Tether's holdings in US Treasuries exceed $100 billion, yielding nearly $400 million monthly in interest [15][16]. - Stablecoins serve as a core liquidity mechanism in the crypto market, facilitate low-cost cross-border payments, and are increasingly integrated into mainstream payment systems [18]. Regulatory Landscape - The regulatory environment for stablecoins has become clearer, with various countries implementing frameworks to govern their use. The US has introduced the GENIUS Act, while the EU has established the MiCA regulation, both aiming to enhance compliance and transparency [21][25]. - Hong Kong has also introduced strict regulations for stablecoins, emphasizing user identification and transparency, which may lead to a more controlled stablecoin ecosystem [26][27]. Future Trends and Opportunities - The demand for stablecoins is expected to grow due to macroeconomic uncertainties and rising interest rates, which enhance their appeal as a stable asset [21][23]. - Companies are increasingly exploring stablecoins for cross-border transactions, financial management, and innovative business models, leveraging their efficiency and programmability [42][44]. Risks and Challenges - Despite their advantages, stablecoins face systemic risks, including price decoupling, governance issues, and regulatory uncertainties. The potential for a "run" on stablecoins during crises poses significant challenges [46][48]. - The lack of transparency and governance in some stablecoin projects can lead to trust issues among users, as seen in past controversies surrounding USDT [49]. Regional Developments - Hong Kong is positioning itself as a leading hub for stablecoin innovation, with plans for various types of stablecoins, including a Hong Kong dollar stablecoin and offshore RMB stablecoin [36][37]. - In contrast, mainland China remains cautious about stablecoins, focusing on the development of its digital currency while observing international trends [27][39].