沙漠里，美国正在上演芯片革命

Core Insights - The article discusses the challenges and developments in the semiconductor industry, particularly focusing on the expansion of companies like UIS and TSMC in Arizona, USA, highlighting the complexities of establishing a semiconductor ecosystem in a new region [2][5][12]. Group 1: UIS and TSMC's Expansion - UIS, a major Taiwanese semiconductor manufacturer, is leading its first business in the US, responding to TSMC's plans to build an advanced chip factory in Arizona [2]. - TSMC has increased its investment in Arizona to $165 billion, planning to build at least eight factories for advanced chip manufacturing, packaging, and R&D, a significant increase from the initial plan of a $12 billion factory [5]. - The construction site in Phoenix has transformed from barren land to a bustling center with over 3,000 employees, producing advanced chips for major clients like Apple and Nvidia [5]. Group 2: Operational Challenges - UIS faced steep learning curves regarding operational costs, permit acquisition, and local design requirements, emphasizing the need to adapt to local cultures and practices rather than replicating methods from Taiwan [2][3]. - The construction of high-tech facilities requires extensive expertise, with thousands of technicians involved in precise installations that directly impact production efficiency and product quality [3][4]. - UIS had to manage complex scheduling issues and component shortages, leading to the establishment of local warehouses and a significant increase in its workforce, becoming one of the largest local teams in Arizona [4]. Group 3: Local Ecosystem Development - Arizona has attracted over 60 semiconductor projects since 2020, with investments exceeding $210 billion, expected to create around 25,000 new jobs [7]. - Local government investments in infrastructure, such as water and sewage systems, have been made to support the semiconductor industry, with significant land planning efforts to accommodate suppliers and educational partners [7][8]. - The establishment of a local supply chain is crucial, with companies like Topco Scientific facilitating connections among smaller suppliers to enhance local operations [12][13]. Group 4: Future Prospects - The demand for localized production and the AI investment boom are driving returns on investments made by companies like TSMC, with US customers contributing 76% of TSMC's total revenue in a recent quarter [9]. - Analysts predict that the US could lead global chip investments by 2027, driven by ongoing infrastructure developments and the need for a robust semiconductor ecosystem [12]. - The article highlights a shift in perspective among suppliers, recognizing the importance of collaboration and the potential for growth in overseas markets, particularly in the context of geopolitical dynamics [14].