美对华芯片管制将变

Core Viewpoint - The Biden administration is urging Congress to reject the GAIN AI Act, which would limit Nvidia's ability to sell AI chips to China and other "adversarial nations," thereby weakening the bill's prospects [1] Group 1: GAIN AI Act - The GAIN AI Act requires chip manufacturers to ensure U.S. buyers have priority access before exporting controlled AI chips, reflecting a "America First" framework [1] - The bill is seen as a form of "reverse pressure" from Congress regarding Trump's stance, potentially hindering Nvidia and AMD's sales of high-performance products to China [1] - Nvidia has been lobbying against the GAIN AI Act, asserting that there is no chip shortage in the U.S. [1] Group 2: Impact on U.S. Cloud Giants - If the GAIN AI Act fails, it could negatively impact U.S. cloud giants like Microsoft, who support the bill to ensure priority access to high-end hardware over Chinese competitors [1] - These companies also aim to secure advanced chip access for their data centers located in Saudi Arabia and the UAE [1] Group 3: SAFE Act of 2025 - Congress is pushing another bill, the SAFE Act of 2025, which would require the U.S. Commerce Department to reject all applications for exporting higher-performance AI chips to China for the next 30 months [2] - The fate of both the GAIN AI Act and the SAFE Act remains uncertain, with discussions ongoing about incorporating GAIN AI into the 2026 National Defense Authorization Act [2] Group 4: Historical Context and Future Outlook - Since 2022, the U.S. has imposed restrictions on Nvidia's chip sales to China, citing concerns that advanced AI could enhance China's military capabilities [3] - The Trump administration has previously approved AI chip exports to Gulf countries and allowed the sale of the H20 chip to China, raising concerns about the legality of such arrangements [3] - The U.S. Treasury Secretary indicated that once the Blackwell chip is no longer considered cutting-edge, exports to China may be permitted [4] - The SAFE Act aims to legally restrict high-end chip exports to China, reflecting the rapid changes in the AI hardware industry [4]