苹果M系列芯片，GPU和内存成为新焦点

Core Insights - Apple's custom chips have rapidly evolved since the launch of the M1 processor in 2020, marking a shift away from Intel and focusing on CPU efficiency [1] - The balance of power consumption has shifted over time, with the M3 Max increasing CPU clock frequency and power limits, allocating more budget to CPU in mobile systems [1] - The upcoming M4 Max is expected to introduce Thunderbolt 5 to Macs, with CPU no longer being the primary heat dissipation consumer [1] Power Consumption Trends - The early M1 design allocated approximately 18W to 25W of its power budget to the CPU, with the remainder for graphics processing and memory bandwidth [3] - M1 Max has a total power consumption of about 115W, with the CPU core consuming only 25W; the estimated CPU consumption for M4 Max is around 48W out of approximately 70W total power [3] - The latest M5 generation, powering the new 14-inch MacBook Pro and iPad Pro, has a maximum CPU power of 15W within a total power budget of 25W [3] Performance Metrics - Multi-core CPU benchmark scores have increased from 13,188 for M1 Max to a peak of 25,000 for M4 Max, indicating moderate growth [4] - GPU performance has risen significantly from approximately 112,000 for M1 Max to over 200,000 for the anticipated M5 Max [4] - The Neural Engine has improved from 11 TOPS in the first-generation M1 to an estimated 133 TOPS in the new M5, with predictions for M5 Max reaching around 400 TOPS [4] Strategic Focus - Apple is not pursuing peak CPU output but optimizing sustained mixed workloads that combine CPU, GPU, and AI processing, reshaping perceptions of professional MacBooks [4] - The efficiency of power distribution is now more critical for creative and machine learning tasks, focusing on data movement and power balance rather than single-core speed [4] - The basic M5 chip has reached a mature efficiency point for the CPU, with the true performance cost now lying in the GPU and memory systems [4]