具身智能机器人年度总结，来自英伟达机器人主管

Core Viewpoint - The robotics field is still in its early stages, with significant advancements in hardware but limitations in software reliability and performance [1][12]. Group 1: Hardware and Software Dynamics - Current hardware advancements outpace software development, leading to reliability issues that hinder software iteration speed [11][14]. - Many demonstrations of robotic capabilities are often the result of selecting the best performance from numerous attempts, rather than consistent reliability [7][22]. - The need for extensive operational teams to manage robots highlights the challenges in hardware reliability, including overheating and motor failures [18][19]. Group 2: Benchmarking Challenges - The robotics sector lacks standardized benchmarks, making it difficult to assess performance consistently across different hardware platforms and tasks [21][22]. - The absence of consensus on evaluation criteria leads to a situation where every new demonstration can be considered state-of-the-art, complicating progress in the field [22][23]. Group 3: VLA Model Limitations - The Vision-Language-Action (VLA) model, currently a dominant paradigm, faces structural issues as it is primarily optimized for visual question answering rather than physical task execution [24][50]. - The performance of VLA models does not improve linearly with the increase in VLM parameters due to misalignment in pre-training objectives [26][52]. - A shift towards video world models is suggested as a more suitable pre-training target for robotics, as they inherently encode physical dynamics [27][53]. Group 4: Importance of Data - Data plays a crucial role in shaping model capabilities, and the integration of hardware and data is essential for effective robotic performance [31][32]. - Recent advancements in hardware, such as Figure03 and others, demonstrate improved motion capabilities, but challenges remain in enhancing hardware reliability [35][37]. - The Generalist model illustrates the scaling law in embodied intelligence, where larger datasets lead to better task performance [38][41]. Group 5: Future Trends and Market Potential - The robotics industry is projected to grow from $91 billion to $25 trillion by 2050, indicating significant investment potential [60]. - Major tech companies are increasingly investing in robotics software and hardware, reflecting the sector's attractiveness despite current challenges [62].