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Core Viewpoint - The report highlights the escalating conflict between the United States and Venezuela, focusing on Venezuela's natural resources and export situation [2]. Group 1: Population and Geography - Venezuela is located in the northern part of South America, covering an area of 916,400 square kilometers, with an estimated population of approximately 28.4 million in 2024 [3][10]. - The country shares borders with Guyana to the east, Brazil to the south, Colombia to the west, and has a northern coastline along the Caribbean Sea. Major ports include Cabello Port, La Guaira Port, and Maracaibo Port, with José Port and Maracaibo Port being the main oil export ports [3][10]. Group 2: Political and Military Overview - Venezuela operates under a presidential system, with the president serving as the head of state, government, and armed forces for a term of six years without term limits [4][13]. - The country has approximately 200,000 active military personnel and around 8 million militia reservists [4][14]. Group 3: Major Natural Resources - Venezuela holds the world's largest proven oil reserves, estimated at about 300 billion barrels, accounting for approximately 17% of global reserves [5][14]. - The country ranks eighth globally in proven natural gas reserves, with about 201 trillion cubic feet, representing around 2.9% of the world's total [5][17]. - The official gold reserves are approximately 53 tons, with an additional 31 tons held in the Bank of England since 2018. However, estimates of untapped gold reserves vary significantly [5][21]. - Iron ore reserves are reported to be between 2.2 billion to 4 billion tons, constituting about 1-2% of global reserves, though the U.S. Geological Survey does not include Venezuela's iron ore data [6][24]. - Other mineral resources include bauxite (34.8 billion tons), titanium (39 million tons), diamonds (4.1 billion carats), coal (730 million tons), and nickel (490,000 tons), with respective global shares of approximately 4.4%, 7%, 0.1%, 0.4% [6][26]. - Venezuela has abundant hydropower and forest resources, with a forest coverage rate of about 52%, significantly higher than the global average of 32% [7][27]. Group 4: Major Export Situation - The primary export destinations for Venezuela are the United States, China, and Spain, with total exports in 2023 amounting to approximately $7.63 billion. Exports to the U.S., China, and Spain were about $3.81 billion, $740 million, and $670 million, respectively [8][28]. - Key export products include oil and its derivatives (60% of total exports), basic metals (iron and aluminum), and nitrogen fertilizers [8][28]. - As of November 2025, Venezuela's oil production is projected to be around 934,000 barrels per day, with an estimated export volume of 656,000 barrels per day in 2024 [8][31].