科技日报记者付丽丽 从高空俯瞰，一颗巨大的"蓝宝石"静卧于崇山峻岭之间。这并非天然湖泊，而是黄河下游的关键控制性 工程、最大的调节水库——小浪底水利枢纽。自2001年主体工程完工至今，它已巍然矗立三十余载，成 为守护黄河安澜、重塑母亲河水沙关系的"定河重器"。 "黄河平，天下宁。"一部中华民族的治黄史，就是与水沙博弈、与河床淤积赛跑的历史。这条"善淤、 善决、善徙"的母亲河，下游河床因泥沙不断淤积而高出两岸地面，成为威胁中下游平原的"空中悬 河"。如何让河床不再抬高，是千年来治黄工程的核心难题。 如今，这一历史正在被改写。自2002年启动以来，黄河调水调沙已持续24年，开展32次。近日，"黄河 调水调沙理论与实践"入选"生态文明领域20项重大科技成果"。 专家表示，其最核心的成就是黄河下游河道主河槽平均下切3.1米，最小过流能力从不足1800立方米每 秒提升至5000立方米每秒左右。这标志着，黄河下游河床持续淤积抬高的历史趋势被遏制。 本世纪初，黄河下游已陷入"小水大灾"的困境。 历史数据记录了这一尴尬：20世纪80年代，黄河下游河道可通过每秒6000立方米的流量而两岸无恙；而 到了1996年8月，河南东明段 ...

黄河水少沙多、水沙关系不协调，是黄河复杂难治的症结所在。要保障黄河长久安澜，必须紧紧抓住水沙关 系调节这个"牛鼻子"，完善水沙调控机制。 水利专家经过长期研究发现，黄河下游河道具有泥沙"多来、多排、多淤，少来、少排、少淤"的特点。 这项坚持了24年的系统工程，究竟"调"出了什么？为黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展带来了哪些支撑？记者 近日采访相关专家，探寻黄河调水调沙的发展及其产生的综合效益。 "只要找到合理的水沙搭配比例，水流就能挟带更多的泥沙入海。"水利部黄河水利委员会总工程师魏向阳向 记者讲解，来水量不大时，若将水库前期蓄水加载于来水之上，混合水体将会产生"一加一大于二"的输沙效 益。 调水调沙，正是塑造合理水沙关系的有效手段。它利用干支流水库群对水沙过程进行调节和控制，利用水流 冲击力将水库和河床淤积的泥沙冲入大海。 今年，"黄河调水调沙理论与实践"成功入选在全国生态日主场活动上颁布的"生态文明领域20项重大科技成 果"。 二、延长水库寿命 "库容是水库的生命。"魏向阳介绍，当泥沙不断淤积在库底时，水库的蓄水能力、调节能力将大幅下降甚至 完全丧失，水库就"名存实亡"，成为河流的过水通道。 随着小浪底水库建 ...

新华社北京12月6日电 题：黄河调水调沙，究竟"调"出了什么？ 新华社记者 魏弘毅 今年，"黄河调水调沙理论与实践"成功入选在全国生态日主场活动上颁布的"生态文明领域20项重 大科技成果"。 这项坚持了24年的系统工程，究竟"调"出了什么？为黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展带来了哪些支 撑？记者近日采访相关专家，探寻黄河调水调沙的发展，及其产生的综合效益。 黄河水少沙多、水沙关系不协调，是黄河复杂难治的症结所在。要保障黄河长久安澜，必须紧紧抓 住水沙关系调节这个"牛鼻子"，完善水沙调控机制。 水利专家经过长期研究发现，黄河下游河道具有泥沙"多来、多排、多淤，少来、少排、少淤"的特 点。 "只要找到合理的水沙搭配比例，水流就能挟带更多的泥沙入海。"水利部黄河水利委员会总工程师 魏向阳向记者讲解，来水量不大时，若将水库前期蓄水加载于来水之上，混合水体将会产生"一加一大 于二"的输沙效益。 河槽过流能力为何如此关键？数据对比可以说明：20世纪80年代，黄河下游流量6000立方米每秒时 两岸安然无恙；而90年代中期，因河槽过流能力下降，黄河干流东明段流量仅1920立方米每秒即产生漫 滩，23.8万亩农田绝收。 因此，刷深 ...

Core Viewpoint - The 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China emphasizes accelerating the comprehensive green transformation of economic and social development to build a beautiful China [1] Group 1: Water-Sand Relationship Management - The Yellow River's management focuses on the relationship between water and sediment, which is crucial for ensuring the river's long-term stability [2] - Since 2002, 31 water-sand regulation operations have been conducted, sending over 3.5 billion tons of sediment to the sea, significantly improving flood discharge and sediment transport capabilities [2][8] - The coordinated operation of multiple reservoirs is essential for effectively managing the water-sand relationship [5][6] Group 2: Technological Integration - The use of digital twin technology enhances the efficiency of water-sand regulation, allowing for real-time monitoring and adjustments [4][9] - The digital twin system incorporates 5.5 billion data points, creating a virtual representation of the Yellow River for better management and forecasting [9][11] - Advanced monitoring equipment, including drones and sensors, supports the operational efficiency of water-sand management [9][12] Group 3: Ecological Considerations - The Yellow River Protection Law mandates measures to minimize the impact of water-sand regulation on aquatic life and habitats [12] - Research indicates that water-sand regulation has stabilized river dynamics, improving habitats for aquatic species, including rare fish [12][13] - Continuous ecological monitoring is being implemented to understand the relationship between water-sand changes and aquatic biodiversity [12][13]

Core Viewpoint - The 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China emphasizes accelerating the comprehensive green transformation of economic and social development to build a beautiful China. The Yellow River's water and sediment regulation is highlighted as a successful integration of traditional wisdom and modern technology in ecological practices [1]. Group 1: Water-Sediment Relationship Management - Since 2002, the Yellow River has conducted 31 water and sediment regulation operations, sending over 3.5 billion tons of sediment to the sea, significantly improving flood discharge and sediment transport capabilities [2][8]. - The management of the water-sediment relationship is crucial for ensuring the long-term stability of the Yellow River, with a focus on regulating and controlling sediment flow through coordinated reservoir operations [2]. Group 2: Reservoir Operations and Technology - The Xiaolangdi Reservoir serves as a key component in the water-sediment regulation process, with precise scheduling to manage sediment discharge effectively [3]. - Digital twin technology is utilized to enhance the efficiency of water and sediment regulation, allowing for real-time monitoring and adjustments to water flow [4][9]. Group 3: Data and Monitoring - The integration of 5.5 billion data points into the digital twin system allows for improved forecasting and operational precision in managing the Yellow River's water and sediment dynamics [9][11]. - Continuous monitoring and data collection are essential for understanding the relationship between water-sediment changes and aquatic life, with ongoing ecological assessments being conducted [12][13]. Group 4: Ecological Impact and Biodiversity - The implementation of water and sediment regulation has led to a stable river environment, positively impacting aquatic biodiversity, including the resurgence of rare fish species [12][13]. - The Yellow River Protection Law mandates measures to minimize the impact of water-sediment regulation on aquatic habitats, highlighting the importance of ecological considerations in water management practices [12].

Core Insights - The article emphasizes the integration of ecological practices and modern technology in the management of the Yellow River, highlighting the importance of water-sediment regulation for sustainable development and ecological restoration [2][3]. Group 1: Water-Sediment Regulation - Since 2002, the Yellow River has conducted 31 water-sediment regulation operations, transporting over 3.5 billion tons of sediment to the sea, significantly improving flood discharge and sediment management capabilities [3][8]. - The regulation process involves coordinated operations among multiple reservoirs, primarily focusing on the Xiaolangdi Reservoir, which serves as a key control point for sediment management [4][5]. Group 2: Technological Integration - The implementation of digital twin technology has enhanced the efficiency of water-sediment regulation, allowing for real-time monitoring and precise control of water flow and sediment discharge [9][10]. - The Xiaolangdi management center utilizes advanced data analytics and monitoring systems, including drones and numerous sensors, to optimize reservoir operations and ensure effective sediment management [9][10]. Group 3: Ecological Considerations - Recent studies indicate that water-sediment regulation has positively impacted aquatic ecosystems, with an increase in fish species diversity observed in the Yellow River basin [12][13]. - The Yellow River Protection Law emphasizes the need to minimize ecological impacts during water-sediment regulation, leading to the development of comprehensive monitoring systems to assess the relationship between sediment dynamics and aquatic life [12][13].

Core Points - The Yellow River flood season water and sediment regulation has concluded, with a total sediment discharge exceeding 780 billion kilograms [1][2] - The regulation process involved coordinated management of the Xiaolangdi and Sanmenxia reservoirs, initiated on September 8 due to significant rainfall in the middle reaches of the Yellow River [1][2] Group 1: Water and Sediment Regulation - The Yellow River Water Resources Commission announced the end of the flood season water and sediment regulation on September 17, with the Xiaolangdi reservoir discharging at 1500 cubic meters per second [1] - Since 2002, the commission has implemented 31 water and sediment regulation operations, with 15 occurring during flood seasons [1] - The regulation process lasted for 9 days, with the Sanmenxia reservoir discharging a total of 692.1 billion kilograms of sediment and the Xiaolangdi reservoir discharging 88.7 billion kilograms [1][2] Group 2: Reservoir Management - During the regulation, the Sanmenxia reservoir began pre-releasing water at 3000 cubic meters per second from September 7 to facilitate sediment discharge from the Xiaolangdi reservoir [2] - The Xiaolangdi and Xixiaoyuan reservoirs adjusted their discharge flow based on incoming water and sediment discharge to alleviate riverbed sedimentation and ensure downstream flood safety [2] - The discharge flow from the Xiaolangdi reservoir was adjusted multiple times, peaking at 2500 cubic meters per second and later reduced to 2300 cubic meters per second during rainfall events [2]

Core Insights - The Yellow River basin officially entered the flood season on July 1, 2023, with the water and sediment regulation task for 2025 initiated on June 23, lasting 17 days [1] - The Yellow River Delta is a crucial wetland ecosystem in China, recognized as an "international airport for birds," and has received over 900 million cubic meters of ecological water replenishment since 2008 [1] Group 1: Water and Sediment Regulation - Water and sediment regulation is a governance method that involves scientifically managing reservoirs to reduce riverbed siltation and improve river morphology [3] - This process includes controlling the discharge flow from upstream reservoirs to create artificial flood peaks, which transport sediment downstream to the sea, ensuring long-term river stability and ecological health [3] - Since 2002, the national government has implemented water and sediment regulation for the Yellow River based on extensive scientific research, addressing drought resistance and flood preparation [3] Group 2: Ecological Impact - During the water and sediment regulation period, ecological replenishment is initiated, revitalizing the ecological functions of the Yellow River Delta [5] - The wetland area receiving ecological water replenishment has reached 360,000 acres, with bird species increasing from 187 in 1992 to 374 in 2024 [5] - The stable plant community of reeds has developed in the replenished wetlands, leading to increased density and abundance of benthic organisms [5]

Core Viewpoint - The Xiaolangdi Reservoir has officially entered the sediment discharge phase, with a significant increase in sediment concentration, indicating a crucial step in the Yellow River's water and sediment regulation project scheduled for 2025 [1] Group 1 - The outflow water from the Xiaolangdi Reservoir has changed from clear to turbid, with sediment concentration reaching 39.1 kilograms per cubic meter at the sediment discharge outlet [1] - By 16:00, the sediment concentration at the discharge outlet increased to 101 kilograms per cubic meter, highlighting the effectiveness of the sediment discharge process [1] - The sediment discharge process is expected to last until July 9, with a total discharge volume anticipated to exceed 10 million tons, which will help restore reservoir capacity and enhance flood control capabilities [1]

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the articles emphasizes the completion of the dismantling of seven floating bridges in the Henan section of the Yellow River before the main flood season, ensuring safety during the flood period [1][2] - The floating bridges serve as crucial connections across the Yellow River, and their structure is designed to maintain a flat surface while being supported by steel floating boxes [1] - The management of the floating bridges is critical during the flood season to prevent obstruction of water flow, which could elevate water levels and pose risks to the safety of residents and property on both banks [1] Group 2 - The Henan Yellow River Conservancy Bureau has implemented strict regulations and oversight to ensure the safe dismantling and anchoring of floating bridges, in accordance with the "Flood Management Measures for Floating Bridges in the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yellow River" [1][2] - A supervisory team has been dispatched to monitor the dismantling process, focusing on the implementation of flood safety measures, maintenance of monitoring facilities, and the establishment of safety warning systems [2] - Floating bridge operators are required to enhance their awareness of flood safety management, maintain a 24-hour duty system, and develop effective emergency measures to prevent accidents such as drifting or losing anchored vessels [2]