Group 1 - The core idea of the book "The Eunuchs of the Ottoman Empire: From African Slaves to Power Brokers" is the transformation of African eunuchs from slaves to significant figures in the Ottoman Empire's harem and political landscape, influencing governance and royal succession [2] - The book provides a comprehensive analysis of historical documents, including chronicles and contracts in Turkish and Arabic, to reveal the rise of the African eunuch community over three centuries [2] - It highlights the roles of these eunuchs in managing the harem, educating princes, and engaging in power struggles within the imperial court, showcasing their deep impact on the empire [2] Group 2 - "The Milk: From Local History to Global History" explores the journey of milk from ancient rituals to modern industrialization, emphasizing its cultural significance and role in shaping society [26] - The book discusses how milk has become an integral part of human civilization, symbolizing scientific progress and economic development, and is often regarded as "the perfect food" in modern nutrition [26] - It presents a narrative that intertwines food history with themes of desire, belief, and globalization, offering insights into the broader implications of milk in human culture [26]

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the technological advancements and market impact of Mengjinyuan Gold Jewelry Group Co., Ltd. in the production of spring clasps for jewelry, overcoming previous reliance on foreign imports and aiming to set international standards for this component [3][10][11]. Group 1: Technological Breakthroughs - Mengjinyuan has developed a high-precision spring clasp that requires advanced manufacturing techniques, previously dominated by countries like Italy and Japan [4][5]. - The company has invested significantly in R&D, creating over 300 self-developed production devices and 3,200 molds since 2020, which has enabled it to produce high-quality spring clasps domestically [6][9]. - The production process has been enhanced through the integration of 5G technology, allowing for smart manufacturing and real-time data processing [9][10]. Group 2: Market Position and Impact - Mengjinyuan's spring clasps have achieved a high market share in China, effectively replacing imported products and expanding into international markets, with a reported 700% increase in overseas revenue in 2024 compared to the previous year [10][12]. - The company has gained recognition for its cost-effective and customizable products, which have become mainstream in the domestic market [10][11]. Group 3: Standardization Efforts - Mengjinyuan is actively involved in the development of international standards for spring clasps, with proposals submitted to the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) [11][12]. - The company aims to lead the standard-setting process, which includes multiple stages of proposal and approval, reflecting its commitment to quality and innovation in the jewelry industry [12][13].

Core Points - The proposal for the international standard "ISO 25718" for testing the antiviral activity of non-porous materials has been officially approved, led by China [1] - This is the first international standard proposed by China in the field of surface antibacterial materials [1] - The standard aims to simulate the virus-killing effects of materials in real-world scenarios, providing a unified technical specification for the development, production, and application of antiviral materials [1] - The initiative is expected to significantly promote innovation in antiviral new materials across various sectors, including medical devices, public facilities, and transportation [1] - Experts from nine countries, including China, Canada, France, Germany, and Finland, will collaborate on the standard's development to ensure its scientific, advanced, and applicable nature [1]

Core Viewpoint - The IEC/TC100 meeting held in Xiamen, China, focused on advancing international standards in the audio, video, and multimedia systems and devices sector, with participation from experts across multiple countries [1][3]. Group 1: Meeting Overview - The IEC/TC100 is a key technical committee under the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), dedicated to developing international standards for audio, video, and multimedia systems, having issued over 500 international standards and involving nearly 400 registered experts [1]. - The meeting included discussions on future technologies, application scenarios, and product forms in the audio and multimedia fields, highlighting the importance of establishing standards for multi-device connectivity and user experience [3]. Group 2: Key Presentations - Li Qin presented on the challenges and standard requirements for synchronized distributed audio and video devices in meeting scenarios, emphasizing the need for standards in multi-device collaboration and user experience evaluation [3]. - Chen Cai discussed the standardization needs in smart education, focusing on various scenarios such as pre-class, in-class, and post-class capabilities, and proposed standards for key technologies and interactive smart panels to enhance teaching efficiency [5][6]. Group 3: Industry Participation and Innovation - MAXHUB, leveraging its parent company ViewSonic's research capabilities, showcased products in video conferencing and smart education, demonstrating advancements in functionality, performance, and user experience [8][10]. - China, as a P-member of IEC/TC100, has led 18 international standard projects, with 14 officially published, indicating a strong commitment to integrating international standards into domestic innovation efforts [10][11].

Core Points - The article discusses the establishment of two international standards led by China in the online tourism and exhibition sectors, marking a shift from being a follower to a leader in international standards [1][7] - The standards aim to address long-standing issues in the online travel booking industry, such as unclear service standards, data privacy concerns, and complex cancellation policies [1][4] Group 1: Online Tourism Standards - The ISO 9468:2025 standard focuses on the entire service process of online accommodation booking, introducing ten innovative measures including the prohibition of bundled consumption and mandatory accessibility services [1][2] - The standard emphasizes the need for clear communication of cancellation policies to enhance user experience and reduce disputes [2][4] - It also suggests that platforms should ensure transparency in pricing and avoid hidden charges, thereby protecting user rights and reducing involuntary consumption disputes [2][3] Group 2: Accessibility and User Rights - The standards include a checklist of key accessibility features to ensure that services are available to all users, including the elderly and disabled [3][4] - They advocate for the provision of booking information in various formats (text, audio, Braille) to cater to diverse user needs [3][5] - The standards aim to create a stable dispute resolution mechanism and enhance consumer rights protection, thereby improving the international competitiveness of Chinese platforms [3][7] Group 3: Exhibition Standards - The second standard, ISO 25639-1:2025, addresses the lack of unified terminology in the exhibition industry, particularly in the context of digital transformation [5][6] - It introduces 39 new digital-related terms to facilitate better communication and collaboration across borders [5][6] - The establishment of these standards is seen as a way to reduce transaction barriers and enhance the efficiency of global tourism and exhibition activities [7][8] Group 4: Industry Impact - The introduction of these standards is expected to help Chinese companies better integrate into the global market and promote fair competition under unified rules [8] - They are anticipated to enhance user trust and promote responsible practices within the industry, contributing to sustainable development [5][8] - The standards are also viewed as a means to lower cross-border transaction costs and facilitate international tourism service trade [7][8]