Core Insights - The research led by the Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, in collaboration with 34 research teams from Southeast Asia, has made significant breakthroughs in understanding the genetic structure and evolutionary history of Southeast Asian populations, marking a major advancement in the field of human genomics [1][3][7] Group 1: Research Achievements - The first phase of the "Southeast Asia Genomic Project" has resulted in the publication of findings in the international journal "Nature," revealing the complex genetic diversity of Southeast Asian populations [1][7] - A comprehensive dataset, SEA3K, was created through the sequencing of 3023 whole genomes, providing the most complete genetic variation map for the region [3][4] Group 2: Scientific and Social Implications - The research fills a critical gap in global genomic studies, particularly in the "southern blind spot," and redefines the global landscape of human diversity research [7] - The findings are expected to support the understanding of human phenotypic and environmental interactions, as well as the genetic basis of tropical diseases, which has significant implications for regional precision medicine and cross-border health governance [7][8] Group 3: Future Directions - The second phase of the "Southeast Asia Genomic Project" has been initiated, aiming to construct a high-resolution genomic map covering the entire Southeast Asia region, which will enhance disease prevention and control efforts and strengthen scientific cooperation in the ASEAN region [6][8]