Core Insights - The research conducted by scientists from the Chinese Academy of Sciences reveals the key mechanisms of solar wind interaction with the lunar surface, providing new insights into the distribution of volatile elements on the Moon and the evolution of the Sun [1][2]. Group 1: Research Findings - The lunar soil samples from the Chang'e 5 mission contain high-purity plagioclase particles that preserve solar wind signals closer to their original state compared to Apollo lunar samples, although differences still exist [1]. - The differences in composition between the solar wind and the lunar soil are primarily attributed to the dynamics of the injection process rather than post-modification of the lunar surface [1]. Group 2: Proposed Model - A three-stage model has been proposed to explain the behavior of rare gases on the lunar surface, which includes solar wind and cosmic ray injection, local thermal diffusion, and re-irradiation [2]. - The model indicates that the processes of solar wind injection and gas escape are interconnected, with some light elements being released due to mineral micro-damage during impacts, and further diffusion caused by micrometeorite impacts and temperature variations [2]. Group 3: Implications - The findings clarify how solar wind shapes the lunar exosphere and the distribution of volatiles, suggesting that corrections for fractionation effects are necessary when reconstructing solar wind history to accurately trace solar evolution [2]. - This research provides a new framework for understanding the interaction between airless celestial bodies and solar wind, opening new perspectives for exploring the origins of planetary volatiles [2].