Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the significance of Huang Binhong's artistic philosophy and contributions to Chinese painting, particularly highlighting his four foundational theories: "Te Jian Yao," "Nei Mei," "Bu Qi," and "Min Xue" [1][4][22]. Summary by Categories Huang Binhong's Life and Background - Huang Binhong, born on January 27, 1865, was a prominent figure in modern Chinese art, engaging in various roles such as painter, calligrapher, and educator [1][3]. - His life spanned significant historical events, including the Hundred Days' Reform and the founding of the People's Republic of China, influencing his artistic and cultural perspectives [3][4]. Artistic Philosophy - Huang Binhong's artistic philosophy emphasizes the importance of cultural mission and the role of art in shaping national spirit, advocating for the use of painting as a "Te Jian Yao" or "special medicine" for the nation [12][13]. - He believed that art should reflect the inner beauty ("Nei Mei") and moral character of the artist, asserting that true art captures the essence of nature and the universe [17]. The Four Foundational Theories 1. **Te Jian Yao**: This concept refers to the idea of using art as a remedy for societal issues, promoting the notion that painting can heal and uplift the national spirit [12][13]. 2. **Nei Mei**: Huang emphasized the distinction between inner and outer beauty, arguing that true artistic expression comes from understanding the deeper essence of nature [17]. 3. **Bu Qi**: He advocated for the appreciation of individuality and non-conformity in art, suggesting that beauty lies in asymmetry and uniqueness rather than uniformity [20]. 4. **Min Xue**: Huang positioned painting within the realm of "Min Xue," promoting freedom of thought and expression, contrasting it with the restrictive "Jun Xue" that served the elite [22]. Influence and Legacy - Huang Binhong's work and theories have had a lasting impact on the evolution of Chinese painting, bridging traditional techniques with modern artistic expressions [4][22]. - His approach to integrating Western artistic movements while maintaining a strong foundation in Chinese cultural heritage reflects a unique perspective in the discourse of art history [22].