Group 1 - The 2025 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded to Mary E. Brinco, Fred Ramsdell, and Shizuo Sasakawa for their discovery of key pathways regulating the immune system, which is crucial for understanding autoimmune diseases like type 1 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, and lupus [2][8] - The Nobel Prize is recognized globally as a top honor, celebrating outstanding achievements in various fields including medicine, physics, chemistry, literature, economics, and peace [2] - The announcement of the winners often comes as a surprise, with some recipients being unaware until they are contacted by the Nobel Prize committee [3][4] Group 2 - The Nobel Prize committee successfully contacted all three chemistry award winners before the official announcement for the first time on October 8 [5] - The process of informing winners can be dramatic, as illustrated by the experiences of Brinco and Ramsdell, who were both in unexpected situations when they received the news [6][11] - The winners' reactions varied, with some initially doubting the news or mistaking the calls for telemarketing [10][13]