Core Viewpoint - Europe is currently facing extreme weather conditions due to multiple active winter weather systems, impacting safety, transportation, energy supply, and daily life across various countries [1]. Group 1: Impact of Extreme Weather - Southern Europe, particularly the Iberian Peninsula, has experienced continuous heavy rainfall and storms, leading to significant flooding and landslides in Portugal, with at least 14 fatalities reported since the end of January [2]. - Spain has seen rapid increases in river water levels, causing severe street flooding and disruptions to agricultural production due to persistent rainfall [2]. - In Central and Northern Europe, severe cold weather has resulted in temperatures dropping to around -15 degrees Celsius in Romania, with significant snowfall and freezing rain causing transportation issues in Germany [2][4]. Group 2: Meteorological Analysis - The extreme weather in Europe is closely linked to abnormal atmospheric circulation, characterized by a southward shift of the Atlantic low-pressure systems and prolonged cold air retention in Northern and Central Europe [3]. - The Portuguese Institute of Ocean and Atmosphere attributes the extreme weather to a series of Atlantic low-pressure systems, exacerbated by the weakening and shifting of the Azores High, which typically provides a buffer for the Iberian Peninsula [3]. - The phenomenon of "atmospheric rivers," which transport large amounts of moisture from the subtropical Atlantic, has intensified rainfall events, with some regions in Portugal receiving 150 to 200 millimeters of rain within a few days [3]. Group 3: Response Measures - In response to the extreme weather, Portugal has declared a state of emergency in several municipalities and introduced financial aid to support disaster recovery for affected families and businesses [5]. - Spain has issued high-level weather alerts and implemented temporary controls on roads and railways in risk areas, enhancing emergency support for affected regions [5]. - Central European countries, including Romania and Germany, are urging citizens to minimize unnecessary travel and are enhancing management of transportation systems to address risks from freezing conditions [6].