Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the emergence of real-time reinforcement learning (RL) frameworks that address the limitations of traditional RL algorithms, particularly in dynamic environments where timely decision-making is crucial [2][6]. Group 1: Challenges in Traditional Reinforcement Learning - Existing RL algorithms often rely on idealized interaction models where the environment and agent take turns pausing, which does not reflect real-world scenarios [5][6]. - Two key difficulties in real-time environments are identified: inaction regret, where agents fail to act due to long reasoning times, and delay regret, where actions based on past states lead to delayed impacts [9][10]. Group 2: New Frameworks Proposed - Mila laboratory's two papers propose a new real-time RL framework to tackle reasoning delays and action omissions, enabling large models to respond instantly in high-frequency tasks [9][10]. - The first paper introduces a solution to minimize inaction regret through staggered asynchronous inference, allowing agents to utilize available computational power for asynchronous reasoning and learning [12][13][17]. - The second paper presents an architecture to minimize both inaction and delay regret by integrating parallel computation and temporal skip connections, enhancing the efficiency of deep networks [22][23][29]. Group 3: Performance and Applications - The proposed frameworks have been tested in real-time simulations, demonstrating significant performance improvements in environments like Game Boy and Atari, where agents must adapt quickly to new scenarios [18][19]. - The combination of staggered asynchronous inference and temporal skip connections allows for high-frequency decision-making without sacrificing model expressiveness, which is critical for applications in robotics, autonomous driving, and financial trading [33][34].