Core Insights - Chinese scientists have released a series of ten research achievements that provide a "high-definition map" of the human brain, with five of these achievements led by scientists from Shanghai [1][3] - The "Whole Brain Mesoscopic Neural Connectivity Atlas" project aims to complete the mapping of mouse brains by 2025 and macaque brains by 2035, focusing on non-human primates and human brain connectivity [3][4] - The project involves over 300 researchers from more than 30 institutions, showcasing international collaboration in brain science [1][3] Group 1: Research Achievements - The ten research outcomes cover key species including reptiles, birds, rodents, non-human primates, and humans, integrating multimodal data such as transcriptomics and connectomics [6] - The research establishes a framework for understanding brain structure and function, moving from "circuit analysis" to "disease decoding" [6] - The achievements include the development of a multi-omics enhancer prediction system and a toolset for identifying specific neuron types in macaque brains, marking a new phase in primate brain science [6][7] Group 2: Project Goals and Collaboration - The project aims to establish an "International Primate Mesoscopic Brain Atlas Alliance" to enhance global cooperation in brain mapping research [4][5] - The alliance has attracted interest from over 20 countries and nearly 100 scientists, emphasizing the importance of international collaboration in understanding human brain function and disease mechanisms [5] - The project is supported by the Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commission and has received approval from the Ministry of Science and Technology [4][5] Group 3: Technical Challenges - Tracking neural connections requires significant time and effort, with each cell needing multiple hours of work for accurate tracing [7][8] - The project aims to identify all cell types in primates within five years, followed by mapping their connections, which is expected to take around ten years for macaque neural connectivity [8]