Core Insights - The article discusses a significant report on liver cancer prevention and treatment led by Chinese experts, marking a historic first for The Lancet journal [1] Group 1: Key Findings from the Report - The report reveals a notable shift in the causes of liver cancer, with metabolic dysfunction-related fatty liver disease (MASLD) and metabolic dysfunction-related steatohepatitis (MASH) emerging as major contributors, alongside traditional factors like hepatitis and alcohol consumption [1][2] - The proportion of liver cancer cases related to MASH is projected to increase from 8% in 2022 to 11% by 2050, a 35% rise, particularly in developed countries [2] - Alcohol-related liver cancer cases are expected to rise from 19% to 21%, while hepatitis B and C-related cases are decreasing, indicating a changing landscape of liver cancer risk factors [2] Group 2: Prevention and Management Strategies - The report emphasizes that at least 60% of liver cancer cases are preventable by reducing risk factors such as viral hepatitis infections, alcohol intake, and managing metabolic dysfunction-related fatty liver disease [2] - China bears 43% of the global liver cancer burden, but has made significant progress in prevention, notably through the introduction of hepatitis B vaccination, which has reduced infection rates among children [2] - The report advocates for rapid action to ensure vaccination, screening, and equitable treatment access for all at-risk populations [2] Group 3: Advances in Treatment - The Fudan University Zhongshan Hospital has implemented new diagnostic and treatment technologies, achieving a postoperative five-year survival rate exceeding 70% for liver cancer patients [3] - If over 60% of diagnosed liver cancer patients are identified at an early stage in the next 25 years, survival rates could increase from the current 14% to between 60% and 70% [3]