Core Viewpoint - The recent election results for the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Chinese Academy of Engineering highlight a significant focus on cancer research, particularly in liver and gastrointestinal cancers, with notable advancements in prevention and early diagnosis [3][4]. Group 1: New Academicians - A total of 73 new academicians were elected to the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and 71 to the Chinese Academy of Engineering [3]. - Among the newly elected academicians, significant contributions come from experts in clinical medicine, particularly in cancer research [3]. Group 2: Focus on Liver Cancer - The field of liver cancer remains a critical area of research, with approximately 900,000 new cases globally each year, and China accounting for nearly half of these cases [3]. - A major report published in The Lancet by academicians Zhou Jian and Fan Jia indicates that at least 60% of liver cancer cases are preventable through risk factor reduction [4]. Group 3: Innovations in Diagnosis and Treatment - Zhou Jian and Fan Jia have developed a miRNA-based early diagnosis model for liver cancer, which has been successfully transformed into a clinical application, significantly improving early detection rates compared to traditional markers [5]. - The overall survival rate for treated patients has reached an international leading level due to innovative personalized treatment strategies [5]. Group 4: Gastrointestinal Cancer Research - Gastrointestinal cancer also has a high incidence rate in China, with significant contributions from academician Fang Jingyuan in early diagnosis, prevention, and comprehensive treatment strategies [5].

Core Insights - The article discusses a significant report on liver cancer prevention and treatment led by Chinese experts, marking a historic first for The Lancet journal [1] Group 1: Key Findings from the Report - The report reveals a notable shift in the causes of liver cancer, with metabolic dysfunction-related fatty liver disease (MASLD) and metabolic dysfunction-related steatohepatitis (MASH) emerging as major contributors, alongside traditional factors like hepatitis and alcohol consumption [1][2] - The proportion of liver cancer cases related to MASH is projected to increase from 8% in 2022 to 11% by 2050, a 35% rise, particularly in developed countries [2] - Alcohol-related liver cancer cases are expected to rise from 19% to 21%, while hepatitis B and C-related cases are decreasing, indicating a changing landscape of liver cancer risk factors [2] Group 2: Prevention and Management Strategies - The report emphasizes that at least 60% of liver cancer cases are preventable by reducing risk factors such as viral hepatitis infections, alcohol intake, and managing metabolic dysfunction-related fatty liver disease [2] - China bears 43% of the global liver cancer burden, but has made significant progress in prevention, notably through the introduction of hepatitis B vaccination, which has reduced infection rates among children [2] - The report advocates for rapid action to ensure vaccination, screening, and equitable treatment access for all at-risk populations [2] Group 3: Advances in Treatment - The Fudan University Zhongshan Hospital has implemented new diagnostic and treatment technologies, achieving a postoperative five-year survival rate exceeding 70% for liver cancer patients [3] - If over 60% of diagnosed liver cancer patients are identified at an early stage in the next 25 years, survival rates could increase from the current 14% to between 60% and 70% [3]

Core Insights - The report published in The Lancet marks a significant milestone as it is the first major disease response strategy led by Chinese researchers in the journal's 200-year history [1] - The report highlights a critical shift in the causes of liver cancer, with metabolic dysfunction-related fatty liver disease (MASLD) and metabolic dysfunction-related steatohepatitis (MASH) emerging as significant contributors, alongside traditional causes like hepatitis and alcohol consumption [1] Group 1: Key Findings - The proportion of liver cancer cases related to MASH is projected to increase from 8% in 2022 to 11% by 2050, a 35% rise, particularly in developed countries [1] - Alcohol-related liver cancer cases are expected to rise from 19% to 21%, while hepatitis B and C-related liver cancer cases are projected to decrease from 39% and 29% to 37% and 26%, respectively [1] Group 2: Prevention and Management - The report indicates that at least 60% of liver cancer cases are preventable by reducing risk factors such as viral hepatitis infections, alcohol consumption, and controlling metabolic dysfunction-related fatty liver disease [2] - China bears 43% of the global liver cancer burden, but has made significant progress in prevention, notably through the introduction of the hepatitis B vaccine into the national immunization program since 2002, leading to a drop in infection rates among children [2] - The application of new diagnostic and treatment technologies at Fudan University Zhongshan Hospital has improved the five-year survival rate of liver cancer patients to over 70% [2]

Core Viewpoint - The report published in The Lancet highlights the urgent need for comprehensive strategies to prevent and treat hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), predicting a doubling of global cases by 2025 if no action is taken [2][6]. Group 1: Current Situation and Statistics - HCC is the sixth most common cancer globally and the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths, with 870,000 new cases and 760,000 deaths reported in 2022. Projections indicate that by 2050, new cases could rise to 1.52 million, and deaths could reach 1.37 million [8]. - The report indicates that over 70% of HCC patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage, resulting in a 5-year survival rate of only 5%-30% [13]. Group 2: Causes and Trends - By 2050, hepatitis B virus (HBV) will remain the primary cause of HCC, but its proportion is expected to decrease from 39.0% in 2022 to 36.9%. Conversely, alcohol-related HCC cases are projected to increase from 18.8% to 21.1%, and cases related to metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MASH) are expected to rise from 8% to 10.8% [10][11]. Group 3: Prevention and Early Detection - The report emphasizes that over 60% of HCC cases are preventable through the control of HBV, HCV, alcohol consumption, and fatty liver disease. For instance, in 2022, more than 540,000 of the 870,000 new cases were avoidable [15]. - Early screening can triple survival rates, as demonstrated in Japan, where 68% of HCC cases are detected at an early stage, leading to an 80% 5-year survival rate [17]. Group 4: Recommendations and Strategies - The committee has outlined ten actionable recommendations, including strengthening viral hepatitis prevention, reducing alcohol consumption, and improving early detection of HCC [19]. - Specific strategies include universal HBV vaccination, government-led measures to reduce alcohol consumption, and tailored national strategies to address the rising incidence of MASH [20]. Group 5: Stakeholder Involvement - The report stresses that reducing the global burden of HCC will require collaborative efforts from policymakers, healthcare providers, international organizations, researchers, and patient advocacy groups [21].

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the urgent need for improved cancer prevention and treatment strategies in China, particularly focusing on liver cancer, which poses significant challenges due to late diagnosis, limited treatment options, and high recurrence rates [1][2]. Group 1: Challenges in Liver Cancer Treatment - Current challenges in liver cancer diagnosis and treatment include late diagnosis, limited treatment methods, and high postoperative recurrence rates [2] - Traditional screening methods have low sensitivity for detecting liver cancer smaller than 1 cm, leading to high rates of missed early diagnoses [2] - Approximately 90% of liver cancer patients in China are related to hepatitis B virus infection, highlighting the need for better vaccination and antiviral treatment [2] - There is a lack of public awareness regarding the "silent organ" nature of liver cancer, resulting in weak screening awareness among high-risk populations [2]. Group 2: Research Breakthroughs - The TIMES model, developed by Liu Lianxin's team, is a new immune scoring system that predicts postoperative recurrence risk based on tumor microenvironment heterogeneity [3] - This model utilizes five key indicators, including NK cell distribution, and incorporates artificial intelligence to guide immunotherapy decisions [3] - The research also identifies "immune desert" areas in the tumor microenvironment, where SPP1-positive macrophages inhibit immune cell activity, leading to the development of small molecule compounds and antibody drugs to enhance immunotherapy response [3]. Group 3: Technological Innovations - The use of AI imaging recognition systems and screening applications at Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital has improved early liver cancer detection rates [4] - A population screening project in Fujian Province has covered 2.3 million people, diagnosing 2,029 liver cancer cases and initiating interventions [4] - Advanced surgical techniques, including 3D reconstruction and fluorescence navigation, have significantly improved the precision and safety of laparoscopic liver resections, reducing postoperative complication rates [4] - AI-assisted systems are integrated throughout the entire "screen-diagnose-treat-recover" cycle, enhancing personalized follow-up and dynamic quality control, with patient compliance increasing by over 30% [4] - The advancements in liver cancer treatment position China among the global leaders, with significant achievements in surgical, interventional, and combined immunotherapy [4].