2025.07. 30 中国承担着全球43%的肝癌疾病负担。近年来，中国在肝癌防治领域已取得重大成效。在源头防控 方面，中国自2002年将乙肝疫苗纳入国家免疫规划后，全国新生儿接种率超过95%，使15岁以下儿 童乙肝感染率由原先的10%下降至1%以下。 本文字数：1051，阅读时长大约2分钟 作者 | 第一财经 钱童心 7月29日，全球顶级医学期刊《柳叶刀》（The Lancet）正式发布了一项由中国专家领衔的肝癌防 治重大报告，开创了该医学杂志200多年历史上"首次"由中国研究者牵头制订重大疾病应对策略的 先例。 这份《全球肝癌防治策略和行动计划》由复旦大学附属中山医院院长周俭教授、中国科学院院士樊嘉 教授等领衔，携手全球51位著名专家共同制订。 报告揭示了一项关键的发现——全球肝癌病因结构正发生显著变化。传统上，人们将肝癌与乙型、丙 型肝炎或长期酗酒直接联系，但如今，代谢障碍相关脂肪性肝病（MASLD）和代谢障碍相关脂肪性 肝炎（MASH）正在迅速崛起，成为肝癌发生的重要诱因，而肥胖和糖尿病加速了MASLD发展为 MASH的过程。 数据显示，全球MASH相关肝癌病例占比将从2022年的8%增至2050年的 ...

Core Viewpoint - The report published in The Lancet highlights the urgent need for comprehensive strategies to prevent and treat hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), predicting a doubling of global cases by 2025 if no action is taken [2][6]. Group 1: Current Situation and Statistics - HCC is the sixth most common cancer globally and the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths, with 870,000 new cases and 760,000 deaths reported in 2022. Projections indicate that by 2050, new cases could rise to 1.52 million, and deaths could reach 1.37 million [8]. - The report indicates that over 70% of HCC patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage, resulting in a 5-year survival rate of only 5%-30% [13]. Group 2: Causes and Trends - By 2050, hepatitis B virus (HBV) will remain the primary cause of HCC, but its proportion is expected to decrease from 39.0% in 2022 to 36.9%. Conversely, alcohol-related HCC cases are projected to increase from 18.8% to 21.1%, and cases related to metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MASH) are expected to rise from 8% to 10.8% [10][11]. Group 3: Prevention and Early Detection - The report emphasizes that over 60% of HCC cases are preventable through the control of HBV, HCV, alcohol consumption, and fatty liver disease. For instance, in 2022, more than 540,000 of the 870,000 new cases were avoidable [15]. - Early screening can triple survival rates, as demonstrated in Japan, where 68% of HCC cases are detected at an early stage, leading to an 80% 5-year survival rate [17]. Group 4: Recommendations and Strategies - The committee has outlined ten actionable recommendations, including strengthening viral hepatitis prevention, reducing alcohol consumption, and improving early detection of HCC [19]. - Specific strategies include universal HBV vaccination, government-led measures to reduce alcohol consumption, and tailored national strategies to address the rising incidence of MASH [20]. Group 5: Stakeholder Involvement - The report stresses that reducing the global burden of HCC will require collaborative efforts from policymakers, healthcare providers, international organizations, researchers, and patient advocacy groups [21].