Group 1: Lending Standards and Demand - The Federal Reserve's report indicates that U.S. banks are adopting a more cautious stance in lending to businesses and households in Q1 2025, with tightening credit standards and weak loan demand, particularly in commercial and industrial (C&I) loans and commercial real estate (CRE) loans [1][2] - Most banks have tightened C&I loan standards for large, medium, and small enterprises, enhancing risk controls by increasing collateral requirements, reducing credit limits, and raising risk loan spreads [1] - The primary reasons for tightening loan policies include economic uncertainty, concerns over regulatory changes, worsening industry-specific issues, and a decreased tolerance for risk [1] Group 2: Commercial Real Estate Loans - Most banks have tightened standards for construction and development loans as well as non-farm, non-residential property loans, while maintaining stable standards for multi-family residential loans [2] - Demand for CRE loans shows a mixed response, with some large banks reporting a recovery in demand, while smaller banks indicate weak demand; foreign banks also show an upward trend in CRE loan demand [2] - A special survey on CRE loan policy changes reveals that banks have tightened key metrics such as loan-to-value ratios and debt service coverage ratios, particularly for office building loans [2] Group 3: Residential and Consumer Loans - In residential lending, banks have maintained stable standards for most housing loans, with slight tightening for some non-compliant large loans; however, demand for housing loans has weakened, especially for non-GSE compliant loans and government-supported loans [2] - The only exception noted is home equity lines of credit, where banks have maintained lending standards and reported a rise in demand [3] - In consumer loans, some banks have slightly tightened credit card loan standards, particularly regarding credit limits, while standards for auto loans and other consumer loans remain largely unchanged [3][4]