Core Viewpoint - The development and application of GLP-1 receptor agonists, particularly Semaglutide, have significantly transformed obesity treatment, demonstrating effective weight loss and potential heart protection properties [2][5]. Group 1: Mechanism of Action - Semaglutide primarily reduces weight by suppressing appetite, leading to decreased caloric intake, although its direct effects on peripheral metabolism remain unclear [2]. - Recent research indicates that Semaglutide's effects on energy balance are mediated by Adcyap1+ neurons in the dorsal vagal complex (DVC), which play a crucial role in appetite regulation and metabolism [3][5]. - Activation of Adcyap1+ neurons promotes fat loss without significant muscle loss and minimizes side effects like nausea, paving the way for safer and more effective weight loss medications [6][8]. Group 2: Research Findings - The study published in Cell Metabolism reveals that Semaglutide activates specific neurons in the DVC, leading to reduced food intake and weight loss while enhancing fat utilization [3][5]. - The research team found that eliminating Adcyap1+ neurons in the AP/NTS significantly reversed Semaglutide's appetite-suppressing effects and fat reduction, indicating their critical role in the drug's mechanism [6][8]. - The findings provide a theoretical foundation for developing more precise anti-obesity therapies that target the Adcyap1+ neuronal pathway, emphasizing a "fat loss while preserving muscle" approach [8].