Core Points - The political landscape in Japan has become chaotic following the Komeito party's decision to exit the ruling coalition with the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP), leading to a potential challenge against LDP President Takashi Saito from three opposition parties [1][2] - Takashi Saito has expressed optimism about becoming Japan's first female Prime Minister after the LDP reached an agreement with the Japan Innovation Party for a coalition [1][2] Group 1 - Following the split with Komeito, Saito has been actively seeking to expand the ruling coalition by engaging with the National Democratic Party, although their interest has waned due to the lack of a majority [2][4] - The LDP and the Japan Innovation Party are set to sign a coalition agreement on the 20th, with a temporary Diet session scheduled for the 21st to elect the Prime Minister [4] - The current composition of the House of Representatives includes 465 seats, with the LDP holding 196 seats, and a coalition with the Japan Innovation Party would bring them to 231 seats, just two short of a majority [4] Group 2 - The Japan Innovation Party has proposed 12 cooperation demands, including lowering the consumption tax rate and addressing political funding issues, which have been met with positive responses from the LDP [2][3] - The Japan Innovation Party has decided to halt cooperation discussions with the Constitutional Democratic Party and the National Democratic Party, citing difficulties in collaboration [3][5] - The last time an opposition party successfully overthrew the LDP was in August 2009, marking a significant political shift in Japan [6] Group 3 - The Japan Innovation Party aims to establish Osaka as a "secondary capital," a key policy goal that is essential for their collaboration with other parties [7] - Saito has indicated a willingness to assist in cabinet roles if a coalition is formed, although the Japan Innovation Party prefers an "outside cabinet cooperation" approach to maintain flexibility [7][8] - There are concerns within both the LDP and the Japan Innovation Party regarding the potential backlash from their respective members due to the rapid coalition-building efforts [8]