Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the development of a multimodal amphibious soft robot by a research team from Shanghai Jiao Tong University, highlighting its ability to seamlessly switch between land and water environments without structural modifications [1][2]. Group 1: Key Features of the Robot - The robot operates effectively in extreme temperatures, maintaining functionality in environments ranging from 2.1°C to 61.3°C [2]. - The core technology is the Soft Electrohydraulic Actuator, which enhances adaptability and safety compared to traditional rigid robots [5]. - The robot's design includes three symmetrically distributed soft electrohydraulic fins, each containing a sealed bag filled with silicone oil, allowing for bending motion when high-pressure electrical signals are applied [5][6]. Group 2: Motion Modes - The robot can perform three distinct motion modes: land crawling, underwater crawling, and swimming [8]. - In land crawling mode, the robot achieves a speed of 2.9 cm/s at an optimal driving frequency of 6 Hz, utilizing a unique friction mechanism [8][10]. - Underwater crawling relies on the interaction between the fins and water, achieving a speed of 3.2 cm/s at a frequency of 1.6 Hz [10]. - The swimming mode allows the robot to reach speeds of up to 5.9 cm/s, utilizing fluid dynamics to enhance propulsion efficiency [13]. Group 3: Environmental Adaptability - The robot demonstrates excellent adaptability to extreme temperatures, maintaining performance in both high and low-temperature water [14]. - A multi-layer waterproof design ensures long-term stability in aquatic environments, enhancing its operational reliability [14]. Group 4: Theoretical Modeling and Performance Optimization - The research team developed a force-electric-liquid coupling theoretical model to understand and optimize the actuator's performance [15]. - The actuator has a startup voltage threshold of approximately 3 kV, with bending angles increasing exponentially with voltage [15]. - Durability tests show that the actuator maintains its output performance after approximately 500 working cycles, indicating high reliability [15]. Group 5: Future Applications - The multimodal amphibious soft robot has potential applications in environmental monitoring, search and rescue, and pipeline inspection due to its ability to adapt to various environments without structural reconfiguration [15].