Core Viewpoint - The article discusses a new strategy in dynamic tissue engineering (DTE) for tracheal reconstruction, highlighting the continuous regulatory role of biomaterials in cell behavior and tissue evolution during the regeneration process [3]. Group 1: Research Findings - The research team developed a bio-adaptive physical hydrogel (BP-Gel) based on PLGA-PEG-PLGA, which allows for dynamic adjustment of the physical cross-linking network in response to cell migration, aggregation, and rearrangement [6]. - The study found that in this environment, chondrocytes are not fixed in predetermined positions but undergo spontaneous spatial reorganization, gradually forming a hierarchical cartilage structure with developmental characteristics, significantly enhancing the mechanical stability and degradation resistance of engineered cartilage [6]. Group 2: Immune Modulation and Functional Characteristics - BP-Gel also serves as a delivery platform for the sequential release of immune-modulating factors. By incorporating a gel system loaded with IL-4/IL-13, the research team shaped a pro-repair immune microenvironment in the early stages of regeneration, promoting angiogenesis and accelerating airway epithelial maturation without interfering with cartilage phenotype [9]. - In in vivo models, tracheal substitutes constructed using the dynamic tissue engineering strategy exhibited functional characteristics closer to natural trachea in terms of long-term ventilation maintenance, cartilage retention, and vascular and epithelial reconstruction [9]. Group 3: Implications for Future Research - Overall, the study reveals that the dynamic synergy between materials, cells, and microenvironments is a key mechanism for achieving complex tracheal regeneration, providing new theoretical foundations and potential translational directions for airway reconstruction and other composite tissue engineering [9].