Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the association between radiation exposure from medical imaging, particularly CT scans, and the increased risk of hematologic cancers in children and adolescents, emphasizing the need for safer and more judicious use of imaging technologies [3][10]. Group 1: Research Findings - A large cohort study published in NEJM indicates that approximately 10.1% of hematologic cancer cases in children and adolescents can be attributed to radiation from medical imaging, primarily from CT scans [3][10]. - The study tracked 3,724,623 children born between 1996 and 2016 across six healthcare systems in the U.S. and Ontario, Canada, with a follow-up period averaging 10.1 years [6]. - Among the 29,61 cases of hematologic cancer diagnosed, the risk of cancer increased with cumulative radiation exposure, particularly in children exposed to at least 30 mGy [6][10]. Group 2: Risk Assessment - The average radiation exposure for children with hematologic cancers was 24.5±36.4 mGy, with a significant correlation between bone marrow radiation dose and increased cancer risk [7]. - Relative risks (RR) for different radiation exposure levels were reported: RR of 1.41 for 1-5 mGy, RR of 1.82 for 15-20 mGy, and RR of 3.59 for 50-100 mGy [7]. - The study suggests that for every 100 mGy of excess radiation, the relative risk increases by 2.54, highlighting the importance of monitoring cumulative radiation exposure [7]. Group 3: Comparative Studies - A related study published in JAMA Internal Medicine estimated that CT scans could account for 5% of cancer cases annually, with infants being at the highest risk [11]. - The study noted that in 2023, approximately 93 million CT scans were performed in the U.S., potentially leading to around 100,000 cancer cases, comparable to risks associated with alcohol consumption and obesity [11]. - Another study in Nature Medicine found that each cumulative 100 mGy of radiation doubles the risk of hematologic malignancies, with a typical CT scan increasing the risk of lymphoid or myeloid malignancies by about 16% [13].