Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the historical significance of the South China Sea as a maritime civilization hub, showcasing archaeological findings that reflect China's ancient maritime trade routes and cultural exchanges with the world [1]. Group 1: Archaeological Discoveries - The National Cultural Heritage Administration is conducting deep-sea archaeological investigations on the Northwest Slope of the South China Sea, with over 900 artifacts extracted from two shipwreck sites, marking a significant advancement in underwater archaeology in China [7]. - A total of 103 nationally protected cultural heritage sites have been identified in Sansha, covering various historical periods including Tang, Song, Ming, Qing, and modern times [1][9]. - The discovery of the "Genglu Book," an ancient navigational text, has been pivotal in understanding the maritime navigation practices of ancient Chinese seafarers, with approximately 30 existing copies identified [5]. Group 2: Cultural Significance - The Coral Stone House on Zhao Shu Island, constructed by local fishermen using coral stones, serves as a small museum that preserves the maritime heritage and navigational history of the region [3]. - Ganquan Island, known for its freshwater well, played a crucial role as a supply station for ships during the Tang and Song dynasties, supporting the sustained operation of maritime trade routes in the South China Sea [11]. - The archaeological findings, including pottery and tools from the Tang and Song periods, indicate that Ganquan Island was a vital replenishment point for maritime activities, further emphasizing the island's historical importance [11].