"目前实验室里最常用的钙钛矿太阳能电池的制备方法是溶液法，但在溶液制备过程中会使用到一些有 毒溶剂，对健康和环境不友好，阻碍了大规模生产。"论文第一作者博士生徐雨田解释。而团队采用 的"全真空热蒸发"技术，像在真空罐里"蒸镀"薄膜。它将原材料加热，使其以分子或原子的形式"飞"到 基板上，均匀凝结成膜。这种方法全程无溶剂，工艺控制精准，膜层均匀致密，被认为是将高性能钙钛 矿光伏器件从实验室推向生产线的"理想候选"。 "传统的材料体系和蒸发顺序，难以形成高质量的钙钛矿结晶薄膜。"论文通讯作者陈永华教授介绍，团 队提出了一种"反向逐层"沉积策略，结合一种自组装分子的"黏合剂"作用，最终"生长"出高质量、结构 完美的钙钛矿晶体薄膜。 "本研究的三大亮点在于——高效率、高稳定性和大面积制备性能优异。这三者结合，清晰地勾勒出该 技术广阔的产业化前景。"论文通讯作者黄维院士总结，该成果不仅刷新了全真空热蒸发技术制备钙钛 矿太阳能电池的世界纪录，更通过深入的理论研究，为未来进一步优化工艺，大规模制造更大面积、高 效、稳定、环境友好的钙钛矿光伏器件提供了坚实的科学基础。 □ 本报记者谢诗涵 作为新一代光伏技术的希望，钙钛矿太阳 ...

Core Insights - The research team from Nanjing University of Technology has made a breakthrough in the preparation of perovskite photovoltaic devices, achieving a power conversion efficiency of 25.19% for small-area devices, nearing the current mainstream technology's peak of 26% [1][3] - The developed technology utilizes a fully vacuum thermal evaporation method, which is non-toxic and environmentally friendly, addressing the limitations of traditional solution-based methods that use harmful solvents [2][3] - The innovative "reverse layer-by-layer" deposition strategy significantly enhances the quality of perovskite crystal films, overcoming previous efficiency bottlenecks and ensuring high stability for industrial applications [3][4] Summary by Sections Breakthrough in Technology - The small-area devices achieved a power conversion efficiency of 25.19%, while large-area cells (1 cm²) reached 23.38%, indicating substantial industrial potential [1] - The research was published in "Nature Photonics," highlighting its significance in the field [1] Environmental and Health Benefits - The new vacuum thermal evaporation technique eliminates the use of toxic solvents like DMF and DMSO, making it more suitable for large-scale production [2] - This method is considered an ideal process for transitioning high-performance perovskite photovoltaic devices from the lab to production lines [2] Efficiency and Stability - The traditional thermal evaporation method struggled to exceed 20% efficiency due to challenges in forming high-quality perovskite films [3] - The new deposition strategy, which reverses the traditional order of material application, significantly improves the interaction and diffusion of solid-state materials, leading to superior film quality [3] Industrialization Prospects - The combination of high efficiency, stability, and excellent large-area preparation performance suggests a promising industrialization outlook for this technology [4] - Perovskite solar cells are recognized as a new generation of photovoltaic technology due to their lower cost, lightweight, and flexibility, making this research a critical step towards scalable and environmentally friendly production [4]