Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the life and achievements of Zuo Zongtang, highlighting his contributions to the Qing dynasty during a tumultuous period, particularly focusing on his military campaigns and administrative reforms in Xinjiang and the northwest region of China [3][5][31]. Group 1: Military Campaigns and Strategies - Zuo Zongtang was appointed as the special commissioner for Xinjiang military affairs in 1875, tasked with recovering territories lost to the Aghu Ba forces [6]. - He employed a strategic approach of "first north, then south" and "slow advance, quick battle," leading to decisive victories in the region [6][10]. - The Qing army achieved a significant victory in Xinjiang by 1877, culminating in the recovery of the Ili region through the Treaty of Ili with Russia [10]. Group 2: Administrative Reforms and Industrialization - Zuo Zongtang initiated the establishment of the Lanzhou Machinery Weaving Bureau, marking a significant step in the modernization of the northwest region and integrating industrialization into border defense strategies [12][15]. - The Lanzhou Machinery Weaving Bureau faced challenges due to local conditions, but it represented an important attempt to bolster local production and military supply [14][18]. - His advocacy for administrative reforms led to the establishment of the Xinjiang province in 1884, laying the groundwork for modern administrative structures in the region [16]. Group 3: Personal Life and Legacy - Zuo Zongtang was known for his frugality and dedication to duty, despite suffering from various health issues in his later years [19][20]. - His political stance often put him at odds with contemporaries like Li Hongzhang, particularly regarding military funding and defense strategies [20][27]. - Zuo Zongtang passed away on September 5, 1885, and was posthumously honored with the title "Wenxiang," reflecting the recognition of his contributions to the Qing dynasty [29][31].