Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of understanding the underlying psychological factors behind school refusal in children, rather than simply addressing the behavior itself [1][5]. Group 1: Understanding the Causes - School refusal is likened to an iceberg, where visible behaviors are just the surface, hiding deeper psychological issues [1]. - Key psychological factors include academic pressure, interpersonal relationship issues, family emotional dynamics, and potential psychological disorders [5]. Group 2: Parental Response Strategies - Parents should redefine "school refusal" as a sign that the child is facing challenges beyond their coping abilities [2]. - Implementing a "minimum action" plan with small, achievable goals can help children regain a sense of control [2]. - Establishing a safe communication environment is crucial, allowing children to express their feelings without judgment [6]. Group 3: Mistakes to Avoid - Parents should refrain from making excuses for their children, as this can hinder their growth opportunities [4]. - Avoid using guilt-inducing statements that may exacerbate the child's feelings of inadequacy [7]. - Comparisons with peers can damage a child's self-worth and increase avoidance behavior [7]. Group 4: Professional Intervention - When family adjustments are insufficient, seeking professional help is recommended [8]. - Psychological treatment can assist children in adjusting negative thoughts, while family therapy can improve parent-child interaction [9]. - Collaboration with school psychologists to create personalized return-to-school plans is advised [9].