Core Insights - The article discusses the phenomenon of "self-sacrifice" behavior in bees and microorganisms, highlighting its evolutionary significance and survival advantages for the group despite individual mortality [1][2][3]. Group 1: Research Findings - Researchers from the Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology have revealed how microorganisms exhibit "self-sacrifice" behavior under environmental stress, enhancing group survival [1][4]. - The study constructed two types of bacterial strains: "sacrificial" strains that release enzymes to degrade antibiotics and "cheater" strains that do not contribute to the group [2][3]. - The research demonstrated that in highly dispersed environments, the presence of sacrificial individuals significantly increases the overall survival rate of the group, while cheater strains are gradually eliminated [3]. Group 2: Methodology and Implications - The research utilized a synthetic biology system to simulate the behaviors of both sacrificial and cheater strains, employing automated machinery to enhance experimental efficiency [3][4]. - Findings indicate that the intensity of environmental pressure and the degree of dispersion influence the evolution of self-sacrificial behavior, with stronger pressures leading to more pronounced effects [3]. - The study's results provide insights into the evolutionary logic of extreme altruistic behaviors in nature and may offer new theoretical guidance for applications in biofilm control and antibiotic resistance management [4].

Core Insights - The research teams from the Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology and the National Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging Science and Technology have revealed the limit communication capability of the bacterial signaling molecule cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), marking a significant advancement in the rational design of artificial life systems in China [1][2] Group 1: Research Background - cAMP plays a crucial role as a "second messenger" in cellular communication, regulating physiological activities and metabolism in response to various hormones [2][4] - The study addresses the unknown limits of information transmission capabilities of signaling molecules, which is a critical issue in the scientific community [3] Group 2: Methodology and Innovations - The research team utilized synthetic biology engineering methods, employing gene editing to create a simplified signaling system in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, allowing for precise measurement of the channel capacity for signal transmission [4][5] - A high-performance red cAMP fluorescent probe (PF2) was developed, which can accurately reflect dynamic changes in cAMP concentration, providing a powerful tool for understanding intracellular signaling [5] Group 3: Key Findings - The study established that cAMP exhibits low-pass filtering characteristics, responding primarily to sustained low-frequency signals while filtering out transient high-frequency noise [7] - The absolute quantification of the signal transmission rate was measured at 40 bits per hour, sufficient to regulate the expression of dozens of genes within a single cell cycle [7] - The research established a theoretical framework for the quantitative analysis of life systems, integrating molecular dynamics, information transmission, and functional output [7] Group 4: Broader Implications - The findings have the potential to influence various fields, including synthetic biology and biomedicine, by providing a quantitative framework that can be applied to any biochemical reaction system [8]