目前这些猴子的前途未卜，其中一部分可能被转移到灵长类动物保护区，另一部分可能会被安乐死。 近日，一篇刊登在《科学》（Science）网站的消息披露，美国大量的实验用猴将被迫"退休"。 消息称，美国疾病控制与预防中心（CDC）内部已发出指令：要求在今年年底前结束所有使用猴子实 验的研究项目。根据《科学》网站的消息，受影响的是CDC在亚特兰大的几处设施，涉及大约两百只 猕猴和近缘物种，这些猴子主要用于传染病相关研究，比如HIV暴露前预防、抗病毒制剂、肝炎等。 这是继10年前美国国立卫生研究院（NIH）启动实验用黑猩猩"退休"计划以来，美国政府机构首次终止 非人灵长类动物研究项目。目前这些猴子的前途未卜，其中一部分可能被转移到灵长类动物保护区，另 一部分可能会被安乐死。 消息一传出，一些网站就开始大量转发，尤其是一些所谓的"类器官"（organoid）平台的倡导者，他们 认为科研"新方法学"的号角已经吹响，"后动物时代"即将到来。 自美国总统特朗普上任以来，包括美国食品药品监督管理局、环境保护署和NIH在内的几家机构负责人 均已宣布，计划减少对动物实验的依赖，并打算在器官芯片及其他"新方法学"研究方面投入更多资金。 ...

撰文丨王聪 编辑丨王多鱼 排版丨水成文 近日，来自 华南师范大学 的一篇新论文登上了 Cell Press 官网头条。 该论文以 ： Environmental exposure augments the abundance and transferability of antibiotic resistance genes in the respiratory tract （环境暴露会增 加呼吸道中抗生素抗性基因的数量和传播性。 ） 为题， 于 2025 年 11 月 20 日发表在了 Cell 子刊 Cell Reports 上 ，华南师范大学 王璋 、广东省疾控中心 郑雪燕 等为论文通讯作者，易歆竹、蔡汉钦、刘海月、徐诗芬、孟瑞琳为论文共同第一作者。 接触 环境污染物 已被证实与 抗生素耐药性 （AMR） 增强有关，如今， 抗生素耐药性对人 类健康构成日益严重的全球性威胁。在所有感染性疾病中，下呼吸道 感染是与抗菌素耐药性相关的负担最重的疾病，对发病率和死亡率影响巨大。 人类呼吸道 内寄居着多样化的微生物群，是 抗生素抗性基因 （ARG） 的重要储存库。这些耐药基因的集合与呼吸道感染以及哮喘、慢性阻塞性 ...

编辑丨王多鱼 排版丨水成文 真核生物基因组被区分为 常染色质 和 异染色质 ，这具有重要的生物学意义。之前的研究表明，SUV39H 读取和写入 组蛋白 H3 第 9 位赖氨酸 （H3K9） 的甲 基化 （形成自我模板化通路） 是细胞分裂期间异染色质重组的核心机制。 在裂殖酵母中，哺乳动物 SUV39H 的同源蛋白 Clr4 形成一个包含泛素连接酶 Cul4 的复合物，该复合物催化 H3K14 单泛素化 （H3K14ub） ，从而促进异染色 质的形成。然而，异染色质在分裂的哺乳动物细胞中的重新组装是否涉及类似的途径尚不清楚。 2025 年 10 月 15 日， 华东师范大学 翁杰敏 教授团队和中国科学院生物化学与细胞生物学研究所 陈德桂 研究员团队合作， 在国际顶尖学术期刊 Nature 上发 表了题为： A conserved H3K14ub-driven H3K9me3 for chromatin compartmentalization 的研究论文。 在这项最新研究中，研究团队确定了 G2E3 是一种特异性识别 H3K14ub 的 E3 泛素连接酶，定位于 近着丝粒 异染色质区域。 G2E3 催化产生的 ...

Core Viewpoint - The rapid development of new technologies such as artificial intelligence and big data is opening new pathways for biodiversity conservation, particularly in collaboration between China and Latin America [1][2]. Group 1: Technology Application - The South China National Botanical Garden plans to apply artificial intelligence and other new technologies to biodiversity conservation efforts in collaboration with Peru [1]. - A biodiversity observation and identification application called BioGrid, developed by the South China National Botanical Garden, is intended to be promoted in Peru and throughout Latin America [1]. - The application of artificial intelligence models will enhance habitat and ecosystem assessments, enabling real-time monitoring of changes in various ecosystems [3]. Group 2: Biodiversity in Peru - Peru is a significant genetic resource, being the origin of many staple crops and home to three major ecosystems: the Andes, the Amazon rainforest, and the Pacific desert [1]. - The economic development level in Peru is relatively low, leading to insufficient biodiversity research, making it a priority for collaboration [2]. - Collaborative research has been ongoing since 2010, focusing on the genetic diversity and conservation strategies for the Andean queen pineapple [2]. Group 3: Urgency of Biodiversity Protection - The urgency of biodiversity protection in Latin America is highlighted due to climate change impacts, such as glacier retreat in the Andes, which threatens local biodiversity, agriculture, and water security [2]. - Latin American countries are primarily engaged in basic biodiversity research, with significant gaps in genomics and biodiversity monitoring [3]. - The application of new technologies is expected to enhance data collection and species identification capabilities, supporting long-term biodiversity conservation efforts [4].

Summary of Key Points from Conference Call Industry Overview - The conference call discusses the **Chinese research service market**, particularly focusing on the **biotechnology sector** and the challenges faced in the **domestic and foreign markets** [1][5][7]. Core Insights and Arguments - **High Domestic Replacement Rates**: The domestic market has a high localization rate for general and high-purity reagents, such as HQC reagents. However, high-end mass spectrometry and ultra-pure reagents still face significant technical barriers for domestic replacement [1][2][4]. - **Impact of US-China Relations**: The US-China trade relations and tariffs have affected the ability of Chinese research service companies to expand internationally. There is a growing desire for self-sufficiency, but the short-term increase in domestic replacement rates is not significant [5][6]. - **Foreign Investment in China**: Foreign companies like Thermo Fisher and Merck are increasing their investments in local production lines in China to mitigate the impact of tariffs. This includes establishing factories in Wuxi and Nantong [1][6]. - **Market Growth Projections**: The overall growth rate for biotechnology companies is expected to be low in 2025 due to tariffs, increased domestic inventory, and the impact of domestic replacement [3][13]. - **Customer Behavior**: Customers are increasingly concerned about supply chain stability, leading to panic buying and stockpiling of products [5][15]. Additional Important Content - **Product Categories**: The research service sector is divided into biological design and chemical design, with significant growth in areas like LVD and CRO due to the pandemic [2]. - **Barriers to Entry**: High-end products in the mass spectrometry and ultra-pure reagent categories have high barriers to entry, with customers requiring strong quality and technical reputation [4][8]. - **Price Trends**: Prices for certain reagents are declining due to increased competition and inventory pressures, with some imported reagents seeing price reductions of 5% to 10% [15][16]. - **Future Strategies for Companies**: Companies are advised to either focus on a large market segment to achieve monopolistic status or pursue acquisitions to create a comprehensive product line [20]. - **Market Dynamics**: The market is experiencing a potential shakeout, with smaller manufacturers facing intense competition, which may lead to consolidation through mergers and acquisitions [21][23]. Conclusion - The Chinese research service market is navigating complex challenges due to international relations, domestic competition, and evolving customer needs. While there are opportunities for growth, particularly in domestic production, the overall outlook remains cautious with significant barriers to entry in high-end product categories.

Core Insights - The article discusses the significant role of RNA polymerase III (Pol III) in synthesizing essential RNA types, including 5S rRNA, tRNA, and short non-coding RNAs, which are crucial for protein synthesis, RNA splicing, and cell cycle regulation [2] Group 1 - The transition mechanism from the initiation phase to the elongation phase of Pol III transcription remains unclear despite the structural determination of the transcription initiation complex (PIC) and elongation complex (EC) [3] - A recent study published in Nature by researchers from Fudan University reconstructed the complete dynamic process of human Pol III transcription initiation, revealing the molecular mechanism driving the transition from initiation to elongation [3][5] - The research identified seven human Pol III transcription complexes that stalled on the U6 promoter, capturing both the initial transcription complex and the elongation complex through cryo-electron microscopy [5] Group 2 - The study demonstrated extensive modular rearrangements during the transition from the transcription initiation complex to the elongation complex, indicating a significant structural change [5] - It was observed that Pol III initiation factors do not immediately dissociate from DNA after transcription, supporting the hypothesis of a rapid re-initiation mechanism [6] - The findings provide molecular insights into the dynamic changes and re-initiation mechanisms of Pol III at high-demand small RNA type 3 promoters, marking the earliest recorded transition from initiation to elongation in RNA polymerase [8]

Core Insights - The article discusses the phenomenon of "self-sacrifice" behavior in bees and microorganisms, highlighting its evolutionary significance and survival advantages for the group despite individual mortality [1][2][3]. Group 1: Research Findings - Researchers from the Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology have revealed how microorganisms exhibit "self-sacrifice" behavior under environmental stress, enhancing group survival [1][4]. - The study constructed two types of bacterial strains: "sacrificial" strains that release enzymes to degrade antibiotics and "cheater" strains that do not contribute to the group [2][3]. - The research demonstrated that in highly dispersed environments, the presence of sacrificial individuals significantly increases the overall survival rate of the group, while cheater strains are gradually eliminated [3]. Group 2: Methodology and Implications - The research utilized a synthetic biology system to simulate the behaviors of both sacrificial and cheater strains, employing automated machinery to enhance experimental efficiency [3][4]. - Findings indicate that the intensity of environmental pressure and the degree of dispersion influence the evolution of self-sacrificial behavior, with stronger pressures leading to more pronounced effects [3]. - The study's results provide insights into the evolutionary logic of extreme altruistic behaviors in nature and may offer new theoretical guidance for applications in biofilm control and antibiotic resistance management [4].

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the discovery of the cyclic-oligonucleotide-based anti-phage signaling systems (CBASS) in bacteria, highlighting its role in bacterial immunity against phage infections and the molecular mechanisms involved in the activation of phospholipase effectors [1][2][9]. Group 1: CBASS System Overview - The CBASS system is a complex defense mechanism found in over 10% of bacteria and archaea, which activates in response to phage infections by synthesizing cyclic oligonucleotide second messengers [1]. - This system has a clear evolutionary homology with the cGAS-STING immune pathway in higher organisms, indicating a shared evolutionary origin [1]. Group 2: Research Findings - A study published in the journal Cell reveals that phospholipase effectors in the CBASS system self-assemble into supramolecular fiber structures upon responding to cyclic oligonucleotide molecules, leading to bacterial cell membrane degradation and cell death [2][9]. - The research identifies that in its inactive state, the phospholipase effector CapE exists as a dimer with a closed substrate channel, which opens upon binding with the cyclic oligonucleotide cUA, triggering a conformational change and self-assembly into fibrous structures [5][6]. Group 3: Mechanism of Action - The activated CapE can efficiently cleave the cell membrane, resulting in cell lysis and death, demonstrating a conserved mechanism among CBASS phospholipase effectors [6][9]. - Similar phospholipase effectors, such as CapV from Vibrio cholerae, also form fibrous structures upon binding with second messenger molecules, suggesting a common mechanism for executing cell-killing functions [6][7]. Group 4: Evolutionary Insights - The self-assembly of phospholipase effectors in response to cyclic oligonucleotides mirrors the polymerization observed in the cGAS-STING pathway in eukaryotic cells, indicating a parallel evolution in immune response strategies between bacteria and higher organisms [7][9].