本文转自【人民日报客户端】； 生命体如同一台精密运转的机器，蛋白质作为生命体的核心"零部件"，其表达、功能与清除的精准调控是维持生命体系平衡的关键。当某些蛋白质发生异常 变化，例如在错误的时间或组织中过量表达或功能异常，就可能打破生命体系的平衡，进而诱发疾病的发生发展。如何在复杂生命体系中精准清除 "致病蛋 白"，是化学生物学和生命科学研究面临的核心挑战之一。近日，中国科学院化学研究所汪铭研究团队创新性构建了超分子靶向嵌合体，首次在活体动物水 平实现了可编程、时空可控的蛋白质精准降解和清除，为蛋白质稳态调控与疾病治疗研究开辟了新路径。该研究成果于北京时间1月17日发表于国际学术期 刊《细胞》。 汪铭（通讯作者）和刘计（第一作者） 靶向蛋白质降解技术通过调控靶蛋白的泛素化并经由细胞内天然的蛋白酶体系统进行降解，为"致病蛋白"的选择性清除提供了全新策略。然而，现有蛋白质 降解技术在体内应用时，往往难以同时兼顾蛋白质降解的时间选择性和空间组织选择性，导致降解效率降低并面临脱靶风险。研究团队创新性融合超分子化 学与蛋白质化学生物学前沿理念，制备出结构稳定、表面可功能化的超分子纳米粒。在此基础上，成功构建超分子靶向嵌合 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the advancements in anti-aging research, highlighting a shift from basic science to clinical applications, with significant breakthroughs expected by 2025 that could lead to interventions in the aging process and extended healthspan [1]. Group 1: Breakthroughs in Anti-Aging Research - The research from Washington University reveals the role of meningeal lymphatics in regulating synaptic physiology, showing that restoring lymphatic function in aged mice can reverse memory deficits [3][4]. - A study published in Nature identifies the loss of the Y chromosome as a potential new target in anti-aging and cancer research, linking it to cancer progression and immune response deterioration in males [6]. - Research from the Chinese Academy of Sciences demonstrates that the metabolite betaine can mimic exercise effects, providing a new strategy for systemic anti-aging interventions [10]. Group 2: Mechanisms of Aging and Longevity - A study from Harvard Medical School indicates that lithium deficiency is linked to cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease, with lithium supplementation reversing memory loss in mice [13]. - Research from Altos Labs introduces the concept of "mesenchymal drift," where cells lose their identity with age, and suggests that partial reprogramming can reverse this process [16]. - A study from Baylor College of Medicine reveals how lysosomal changes in parents can promote longevity in offspring through epigenetic mechanisms [19]. Group 3: DNA Repair and Aging - Research from Tongji University highlights a mutation in the cGAS protein in naked mole-rats that enhances DNA repair and extends lifespan, suggesting new strategies for human longevity [21]. - A study on bowhead whales identifies a cold-inducible protein that aids in DNA repair, contributing to their long lifespan and low cancer risk [24][26]. Group 4: Dietary and Reproductive Factors in Longevity - Research from Westlake University shows that protein restriction can reprogram the proteomic landscape in aging mice, offering insights into dietary interventions for longevity [28]. - A large-scale study from Otago University finds that sterilization and contraception can significantly extend lifespan across vertebrates, suggesting that energy allocation away from reproduction may enhance longevity [31][32]. Group 5: Immunity and Aging - A study from Zhang Feng's team demonstrates that mRNA technology can temporarily enhance liver function to produce immune factors, reversing immune aging in mice and improving responses to vaccines and cancer treatments [36].

专题：2025年CC讲坛 由北京君和创新公益基金会、中国科学院大学校友会联合主办，主题为"和而不同，思想无界"的CC讲 坛第69期演讲2025年12月20日在中国科学院大学（北京玉泉路校区）礼堂举行。中国科学院植物研究所 研究员王文达出席，并以《向海洋藻类借光 设计未来的高效光合作用》为题发表演讲。 演讲实录： 大家好！ 今天我跟大家聊一聊，一群渺小而伟大的海洋微生物。它们是一群可以利用太阳光自给自足，还是给地 球和人类作出重大贡献的微小藻类。 我想大家都很清楚，人类起源于海洋，那支撑我们和动物呼吸的氧气从哪里来？30亿年前的一场"革 命"改变了地球，一群被称为蓝藻或蓝细菌的微生物登上了舞台，它们进化出了一个震撼世界的"黑科 技"，叫做光合作用。通过吸收太阳光，固定二氧化碳，合成有机物并释放出氧气，开启了地球的"氧气 时代"。 在我们现在的地球上，光合作用每年合成的的有机物高达2200亿吨，同时固定4000亿吨二氧化碳，这几 乎是人类每年能耗的10倍。 光合作用的第一步，就是需要捕获太阳光的能量，而可见光区域的一个太阳光光子一旦被捕获，就将以 非常快的速度在这些光合膜蛋白内传递，在光系统中，将光能转化为生物可 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the significance of cell biology research in various biomedical fields, including tissue barrier functions, receptor signaling networks, enzyme inhibition studies, amyloid protein research, and the future of medical revolutions [3]. Group 1: Global Hot Topics - Topic 1: Nanomedicine in Metabolic Disorders focuses on innovative nanotechnology-based approaches for diagnosing and treating metabolic diseases, highlighting advancements in targeted drug delivery systems, nano-diagnostic platforms, and integrated therapeutic systems [4]. - Topic 2: Stem Cells and 3D Cellular Models discusses the transformative impact of stem cells and tissue engineering, particularly in conjunction with 3D models and nanotechnology, on biomedical research objectives [7]. Group 2: Submission Deadlines and Journals - Submission deadline for Topic 1 is March 31, 2026, and it is associated with the journal "Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology" [5]. - Submission deadline for Topic 2 is May 31, 2026, also linked to the journal "Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology" [7]. Group 3: High-Impact Journals - The journal "Amyloid" has an impact factor of 7.4 and focuses on amyloid proteins and related diseases, covering various aspects such as etiology, epidemiology, and clinical research [11]. - The "Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry" has an impact factor of 5.4, concentrating on enzyme inhibitors and their role in drug development [15]. - The journal "Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology" has an impact factor of 4.5, emphasizing interdisciplinary research in artificial cells and nanomedicine [20].

Group 1 - RNA methylation modification is considered a "switch" for controlling gene expression and is closely related to various diseases, making it a hot topic in biological research [1][2] - A research team at Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University developed a cross-validated RNA methylation modification site database, integrating nearly 1,400 research data points to provide a reliable reference for evaluating experimental conclusions [1] - The database identifies 135,000 high-confidence RNA methylation modification sites and has been utilized by researchers from 24 countries, helping to distinguish reliable biological markers from experimental noise [2] Group 2 - The research team discovered over 6,000 gene variations, some of which are highly correlated with RNA methylation modification sites related to complex diseases such as depression, potentially offering new insights into the molecular mechanisms of these diseases [2]

Core Viewpoint - The CDC has issued a directive to end all research projects involving the use of monkeys by the end of this year, marking a significant shift in animal research policy in the U.S. [2] Group 1: Research and Policy Changes - Approximately 200 monkeys used for infectious disease research, including HIV and hepatitis, will be affected by the CDC's directive [2] - This is the first time a U.S. government agency has terminated non-human primate research projects since the NIH initiated a retirement plan for chimpanzees a decade ago [2] - The directive may lead to some monkeys being transferred to primate sanctuaries, while others may face euthanasia [2] Group 2: Alternative Research Methods - The announcement has sparked discussions among advocates of "new methodologies," suggesting a transition to a "post-animal era" in research [2] - The NIH still oversees nearly 7,000 non-human primates, indicating that the CDC's directive does not apply to all animal research in the U.S. [3] - Experts highlight that while the CDC's decision may be framed as a move towards advanced alternative technologies, fully replacing animal models is complex and not straightforward [3] Group 3: Global Perspective and Future Implications - The focus should be on which countries can develop solid results in alternative methodologies to gain a competitive edge in translational medicine and drug evaluation [4] - The termination of the monkey research program highlights a growing contradiction in biomedical research: the need for new therapies while determining when animal models are essential [4] - Responsible answers to the questions of when to use animals versus alternative methods are crucial for advancing both science and ethics [4]

Core Insights - The article discusses a recent study published by South China Normal University, highlighting the relationship between environmental exposure and the abundance and transferability of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the respiratory tract [2][4]. Group 1: Study Findings - Exposure to environmental pollutants is linked to an increase in respiratory antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) [5]. - The abundance and mobility of antibiotic resistance genes are negatively correlated with lung function [5]. - Enhanced mobility of antibiotic resistance genes is observed in early chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) [5]. - Environmental pollutant exposure is associated with increased antibiotic-resistant phenotypes in mouse lungs [5]. Group 2: Implications - The study elucidates a pathway through which environmental pollutants contribute to the increase of the respiratory resistance gene pool, indicating the need for action to mitigate the burden of antibiotic resistance by addressing environmental pollution [6].

Core Insights - The research identifies a conserved mechanism for the formation of pericentric heterochromatin driven by H3K14ub-dependent SUV39H compartmentalization, revealing new insights into the mechanisms of heterochromatin formation, maintenance, and genetic stability in mammalian cells [3][7]. Group 1: Mechanism and Findings - The study discovered that G2E3 is a specific E3 ubiquitin ligase that recognizes H3K14ub, localized in pericentric heterochromatin regions, and enhances SUV39H-mediated H3K9me3, driving the localization of SUV39H and H3K9me3 in these regions [6][7]. - G2E3 is highly expressed during the G2/M phase and catalyzes H3K14ub, which lays the foundation for the sequential recruitment of SUV39H and HP1 proteins [7]. - The absence of G2E3 leads to the disruption of pericentric heterochromatin structure and abnormal accumulation of SUV39H and H3K9me3 in euchromatin regions, resulting in widespread transcriptional repression [7]. Group 2: Implications - The findings highlight the critical role of H3K14ub-dependent SUV39H compartmentalization in the correct partitioning of heterochromatin and euchromatin, as well as in the transcriptional regulation of euchromatin [7]. - This research addresses the molecular mechanisms underlying the formation and dynamic maintenance of mammalian heterochromatin, providing a new paradigm for epigenetic regulation [7].

Core Viewpoint - The rapid development of new technologies such as artificial intelligence and big data is opening new pathways for biodiversity conservation, particularly in collaboration between China and Latin America [1][2]. Group 1: Technology Application - The South China National Botanical Garden plans to apply artificial intelligence and other new technologies to biodiversity conservation efforts in collaboration with Peru [1]. - A biodiversity observation and identification application called BioGrid, developed by the South China National Botanical Garden, is intended to be promoted in Peru and throughout Latin America [1]. - The application of artificial intelligence models will enhance habitat and ecosystem assessments, enabling real-time monitoring of changes in various ecosystems [3]. Group 2: Biodiversity in Peru - Peru is a significant genetic resource, being the origin of many staple crops and home to three major ecosystems: the Andes, the Amazon rainforest, and the Pacific desert [1]. - The economic development level in Peru is relatively low, leading to insufficient biodiversity research, making it a priority for collaboration [2]. - Collaborative research has been ongoing since 2010, focusing on the genetic diversity and conservation strategies for the Andean queen pineapple [2]. Group 3: Urgency of Biodiversity Protection - The urgency of biodiversity protection in Latin America is highlighted due to climate change impacts, such as glacier retreat in the Andes, which threatens local biodiversity, agriculture, and water security [2]. - Latin American countries are primarily engaged in basic biodiversity research, with significant gaps in genomics and biodiversity monitoring [3]. - The application of new technologies is expected to enhance data collection and species identification capabilities, supporting long-term biodiversity conservation efforts [4].

Summary of Key Points from Conference Call Industry Overview - The conference call discusses the **Chinese research service market**, particularly focusing on the **biotechnology sector** and the challenges faced in the **domestic and foreign markets** [1][5][7]. Core Insights and Arguments - **High Domestic Replacement Rates**: The domestic market has a high localization rate for general and high-purity reagents, such as HQC reagents. However, high-end mass spectrometry and ultra-pure reagents still face significant technical barriers for domestic replacement [1][2][4]. - **Impact of US-China Relations**: The US-China trade relations and tariffs have affected the ability of Chinese research service companies to expand internationally. There is a growing desire for self-sufficiency, but the short-term increase in domestic replacement rates is not significant [5][6]. - **Foreign Investment in China**: Foreign companies like Thermo Fisher and Merck are increasing their investments in local production lines in China to mitigate the impact of tariffs. This includes establishing factories in Wuxi and Nantong [1][6]. - **Market Growth Projections**: The overall growth rate for biotechnology companies is expected to be low in 2025 due to tariffs, increased domestic inventory, and the impact of domestic replacement [3][13]. - **Customer Behavior**: Customers are increasingly concerned about supply chain stability, leading to panic buying and stockpiling of products [5][15]. Additional Important Content - **Product Categories**: The research service sector is divided into biological design and chemical design, with significant growth in areas like LVD and CRO due to the pandemic [2]. - **Barriers to Entry**: High-end products in the mass spectrometry and ultra-pure reagent categories have high barriers to entry, with customers requiring strong quality and technical reputation [4][8]. - **Price Trends**: Prices for certain reagents are declining due to increased competition and inventory pressures, with some imported reagents seeing price reductions of 5% to 10% [15][16]. - **Future Strategies for Companies**: Companies are advised to either focus on a large market segment to achieve monopolistic status or pursue acquisitions to create a comprehensive product line [20]. - **Market Dynamics**: The market is experiencing a potential shakeout, with smaller manufacturers facing intense competition, which may lead to consolidation through mergers and acquisitions [21][23]. Conclusion - The Chinese research service market is navigating complex challenges due to international relations, domestic competition, and evolving customer needs. While there are opportunities for growth, particularly in domestic production, the overall outlook remains cautious with significant barriers to entry in high-end product categories.