Core Insights - The research led by Wang Guodong and 35 international teams has successfully sequenced the genomes of 17 ancient dogs, contributing to a total of 73 ancient dog genomes, which helps to construct a lineage evolution map from East Asia to the Eurasian steppe, revealing the co-migration history of dogs and humans [1][2] Group 1: Historical Context - Dogs were the first domesticated animals by humans, with archaeological evidence indicating their presence on the Eurasian continent at least 10,000 years ago, making the study of their origin, spread, and interaction with human migration crucial for understanding animal domestication and the spread of human civilization [1] - The study found a unique ancient dog lineage in China dating back 5,000 years, which was later supplemented by ancient dog lineages from Siberia and the West over the following millennia [1] Group 2: Migration Patterns - The increase of Northeast Asian ancestry in dog genomes in the Hexi Corridor region corresponds closely with the influx of Northeast Asian ancestry in human populations [2] - The rise of Western ancestry in Eurasian steppe dogs aligns with the historical migrations of ancient humans, indicating a close relationship between dogs and humans over the past 10,000 years [2] Group 3: Methodology and Implications - The research utilized ancient genome analysis methods that could also be applied to uncover the roles of other domesticated animals like horses, cattle, and sheep in human history, thereby aiding in the exploration of the rich genetic resources and potential of domesticated animals [2]

通过对比研究和多方证据的互相验证，团队最终证明，近1万年来家犬与人类存在密切共迁徙历 史，不同时期不同人群携带各自的犬，通过欧亚草原和古丝绸之路等路线进行跨洲大迁徙。这表明家犬 与人存在无比亲密的关系，从欧亚草原到河西走廊的家犬万年来的血统流动，也映射出古代文明的互联 互通。 家犬是人类最早驯化的动物。考古证据表明，至少1万年前，欧亚大陆多处出现了犬的身影，其起 源、扩散以及与人类迁徙的互动关系等科学问题，对理解动物驯化和人类文明传播至关重要。早在2万 年前，犬就已出现了血统分化并于欧亚大陆广泛扩散，但这些扩散是否与特定人类文化群体相关，以及 家犬在古代社会中的角色等问题，一直缺乏全面的基因组层面的研究。 研究团队此次发现中国5000年前存在独特的家犬古老血统，随后数千年逐渐出现来自西伯利亚和西 方的古代家犬血统渗入；同时，来自中国家犬的古老东亚祖分，也广泛扩散到欧亚草原多处。更重要的 是，团队通过与人类古基因组数据和证据对照，发现家犬数次渗入事件与人类的多次迁徙高度重合。 在河西走廊地区，家犬基因组中东北亚祖分的增加与人群中东北亚祖分的流入也十分同步。此外， 欧亚草原地区家犬中西方祖分的增加也与古人类迁徙历 ...