Core Viewpoint - The recent study from Oxford University indicates that any level of alcohol consumption increases the risk of dementia, challenging the notion that moderate drinking may have neuroprotective effects [4][10]. Group 1: Study Overview - The study published in BMJ Evidence-Based Medicine is the largest comprehensive observational and genetic research to date, showing a direct correlation between alcohol consumption and dementia risk [4][6]. - It utilized data from two major biobanks: the Million Veteran Program (MVP) and the UK Biobank (UKB), covering diverse populations [6]. Group 2: Research Findings - The observational analysis revealed a U-shaped association between alcohol consumption and dementia risk, where non-drinkers and heavy drinkers (40+ drinks per week) had a 41% and 51% higher risk of dementia, respectively, compared to light drinkers (less than 7 drinks per week) [7]. - Genetic analysis showed that higher genetic risk for alcohol consumption correlates with increased dementia risk, with a linear trend observed rather than a U-shaped one [8]. Group 3: Implications - The findings suggest that the previously held belief of "moderate drinking being neuroprotective" may stem from reverse causation, where early cognitive decline leads to reduced alcohol consumption [10]. - The study emphasizes the importance of considering reverse causation and residual confounding factors in alcohol and dementia research, indicating that reducing alcohol intake could be a significant strategy for dementia prevention [10].