Core Viewpoint - The articles collectively highlight the life and contributions of Cai Hesen, emphasizing his role in the Chinese Communist Party's formation and his unwavering commitment to revolutionary ideals, culminating in his martyrdom for the cause [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. Group 1: Early Life and Education - Cai Hesen was born in 1895 in Shanghai and faced financial hardships, leading him to work as an apprentice while pursuing education [2]. - He attended Hunan First Normal School, where he formed significant relationships with progressive peers, including Mao Zedong [2]. Group 2: Political Involvement and Ideology - In 1918, Cai Hesen co-founded the New People's Study Society, promoting social reform and academic innovation [2]. - He was influenced by the October Revolution and sought to establish a revolutionary party in China, advocating for the formation of the Communist Party [3][4]. Group 3: Contributions to Marxism in China - While in France, Cai Hesen translated key Marxist texts and emphasized the importance of revolutionary theory for the Communist Party's success [3][4]. - He proposed the establishment of the Chinese Communist Party, outlining its role as a vanguard in the revolutionary movement [4]. Group 4: Sacrifice and Legacy - In 1931, Cai Hesen was arrested while working in Hong Kong and endured severe torture without betraying party secrets, ultimately sacrificing his life for the revolution at the age of 36 [5][6]. - His legacy is honored in the Cai Hesen Memorial Hall, which showcases his contributions and those of his family to the revolutionary cause [7][8].