Group 1 - The 12th Beijing Xiangshan Forum concluded with a theme of "jointly safeguarding international order and promoting peaceful development," coinciding with the 80th anniversary of the victory in the Chinese People's Anti-Japanese War and the World Anti-Fascist War [1][2] - The forum served as a platform for dialogue on historical lessons and contemporary issues, emphasizing China's significant contributions to the global anti-fascist struggle during World War II [1][2] - Scholars highlighted the importance of global cooperation and dialogue to maintain peace, reflecting on the failures of early alliances during World War II that allowed fascism to thrive [2][3] Group 2 - The forum addressed current global conflicts, including those in Europe, the Middle East, and East Asia, underscoring the ongoing threats of terrorism and militarism [3][4] - The event showcased China's role in facilitating dialogue and conflict resolution, with examples such as the ASEAN scholar's reference to the quick resolution of the Thai-Cambodian conflict through dialogue [5] - Discussions included the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, with experts debating the implications of military actions and the need for peaceful resolutions [5][6] Group 3 - Chinese scholars proposed that possessing military strength should be aligned with the pursuit of lasting peace, referencing the strategic wisdom of former Israeli Prime Minister Rabin [6] - The concept of "strong but not hegemonic" was emphasized, with a focus on transforming adversaries into partners rather than engaging in conflict [6][7] - The Chinese military's role as a stabilizing force for peace was highlighted, with a commitment to cooperation and dialogue rather than revenge or confrontation [7]