随着我国步入深度老龄化社会，与年龄密切相关的心脏瓣膜病正成为影响高龄人群健康的重要疾病。 《心脏瓣膜病治疗进展》数据显示，我国约有2500万人受到不同程度的瓣膜疾病困扰，瓣膜病已成为我 国继冠心病、高血压之后的第三大心血管疾病。其中，65岁以上老年人为心脏瓣膜病高危人群，平均每 10位65岁以上老人中，大约就有1位存在心脏瓣膜问题。 中国医学科学院阜外医院潘湘斌教授表示，"心门"老化不可忽视，应警惕主动脉瓣狭窄"三联征"，高龄 不再是手术禁忌，微创技术为高龄患者带来治疗新选择。 警惕主动脉瓣狭窄"三联征" 过去，瓣膜疾病以风湿性病变为主，现在，随着人均寿命的增长，瓣膜疾病转变为以退行性病变为主。 潘湘斌教授表示，对于高龄患者来讲，老年退行性瓣膜病非常常见。即使在睡眠中，瓣膜也在工作，因 此，只要活得足够长，心脏瓣膜就会因长期负荷逐步老化。在所有瓣膜疾病里，主动脉瓣狭窄尤为凶 险。它进展较快，一旦出现症状，患者的猝死风险明显增加。"主动脉瓣狭窄在老年人中常见且危重， 若不进行有效干预，重度主动脉瓣狭窄患者的2年生存率仅为50%，5年生存率仅为20%。"潘湘斌教授 提醒道。 主动脉瓣狭窄的典型症状包括呼吸困难、心 ...

"心脏瓣膜相当于心脏里面单向的阀门，这样的阀门总共有四个，它们协同工作，共同确保血流单 向流动，而不会倒流。"马量形象地解释道，"如果瓣膜出现问题，比如关不严或开不大，就会导致血液 反流或前进受阻，从而引发胸闷、气急、心悸等一系列症状。" 马量进一步指出："随着我国社会老龄化进程加速，心脏瓣膜疾病的主要病因也已发生显著变化。 以往，瓣膜病主要是以风湿性心脏病为主，但现在逐渐转变为以退行性病变为主。" "我国瓣膜病患者数量庞大，但诊断和治疗缺口巨大。很多患者未能被及时诊断，常常拖到症状严 重，甚至出现静息状态下都气急时才就医。此时，心脏超声检查往往发现瓣膜病变已非常严重，甚至已 经影响了心功能。"马量提醒，"一旦出现相关症状，及时到医院检查非常重要。我们主要依靠心脏超声 就能对瓣膜病做出清晰诊断，心电图、胸片也能提供很好的辅助。这些方法都很成熟，诊断准确性 高。" 中新网浙江新闻11月27日电（张煜欢）在浙江大学医学院附属第一医院心脏大血管外科，来自江西 的张阿姨（化名）曾深受心脏瓣膜疾病困扰近十年，一度因对传统"大开胸"手术的恐惧而拒绝治疗，直 到今年身体状况明显恶化，她才终于下定决心接受手术。令人欣慰的是， ...

Core Insights - The incident involving actor Zhang Jin's heart condition highlights the limitations of electrocardiograms (ECGs) in detecting serious heart issues, as his ECG appeared normal despite significant coronary artery blockage [1][2]. Group 1: Limitations of ECG - Many individuals overestimate the reliability of ECGs, mistakenly believing that a "normal" result equates to overall heart health [2]. - ECGs are limited in that they only capture a snapshot of heart activity and cannot predict future issues or detect intermittent heart problems [2]. - The complexity of heart diseases is often underestimated, as ECGs cannot assess critical factors like the degree of arterial narrowing or myocardial vitality [2][3]. Group 2: Common Heart Issues Missed by ECG - Microvascular disease in coronary arteries often goes undetected by ECGs, particularly in diabetic patients and women, requiring additional tests for accurate diagnosis [3]. - Atherosclerosis may not show abnormalities on an ECG until significant narrowing occurs, typically over 70%, which can delay diagnosis [3][4]. - Non-obstructive coronary heart disease may present with normal ECGs, necessitating a comprehensive evaluation of symptoms and risk factors [4]. Group 3: Symptoms and Warning Signs - Symptoms such as chest pain, shortness of breath, and unexplained fatigue should prompt further investigation, as they may indicate underlying heart issues [7][13]. - Non-typical symptoms, especially in women and older adults, can complicate diagnosis, as they may not present with classic signs like chest pain [10][11]. - Immediate medical attention is crucial for persistent chest pain, sudden shortness of breath, or loss of consciousness, as these may signal severe heart conditions [14][15]. Group 4: Comprehensive Heart Health Assessment - A multi-faceted approach to heart health is essential, incorporating ECGs, symptom evaluation, and additional tests like stress tests and echocardiograms for a thorough assessment [6]. - Regular health check-ups, especially for high-risk individuals, are recommended to detect potential heart issues early [16].