Core Viewpoint - A new algorithm developed by a team from Tsinghua University has surpassed Dijkstra's algorithm in speed for solving the shortest path problem, addressing a long-standing "sorting barrier" that has hindered advancements in this area for over 40 years [2][19][32]. Summary by Sections Algorithm Development - The new algorithm improves upon the O(m + n log n) algorithm proposed by Turing Award winner Robert Tarjan in 1984, which was considered the speed limit for Dijkstra's original algorithm [5][18]. - The Tsinghua team’s approach avoids overall sorting by clustering adjacent nodes on the boundary, allowing for faster searches with fewer nodes to consider [19][29]. Historical Context - Dijkstra's algorithm is widely used in applications such as mapping services and computer network routing protocols, making improvements in this area significant for both theoretical and practical applications [5][13]. - The sorting barrier has historically limited the speed of algorithms that follow a node-based network approach, as sorting time cannot be surpassed [15][18]. Technical Insights - The new algorithm segments the graph into layers and utilizes the Bellman-Ford algorithm to accurately identify influential nodes, thus bypassing the sorting barrier [28][29]. - The complexity of the new algorithm relies on a combination of simpler components rather than advanced mathematical principles, which may allow for further simplification and speed enhancements [30][31]. Recognition and Future Directions - The breakthrough has garnered significant attention, with some experts calling it an important milestone in computer science [6][9]. - The Tsinghua team plans to explore possibilities for further simplifying the algorithm to enhance its speed even more [31][35].