Core Viewpoint - The frequent sightings of the national first-class protected butterfly, the Golden-spotted Butterfly, in Guangdong provide significant scientific evidence for local biodiversity conservation and ecological environment quality [1][2] Group 1: Biodiversity and Ecological Significance - The Golden-spotted Butterfly is a subtropical and tropical montane species, residing in evergreen broadleaf forests at altitudes of 1,000 to 2,000 meters, and is recognized as China's "national butterfly" [1] - The discovery of a healthy female Golden-spotted Butterfly at a lower altitude of 540 meters indicates a complete ecological chain from high to low altitudes in the Nanling National Park candidate area, highlighting the health and integrity of the forest ecosystem [2] Group 2: Monitoring and Research Findings - Since 2015, the Chabaling area in the Nanling region has recorded the presence of the Golden-spotted Butterfly five times, with additional sightings in 2022 and 2023 [2] - The butterfly has high requirements for habitat vegetation, climate, and ecological integrity, rarely descending to the ground, and has a low female-to-male ratio of 1:50-200, making female individuals particularly rare [2]

从光合需求来看，树木生长需要光合作用。树木之间保持一定距离，可以尽量减少互相遮蔽，让树木更 好地获取阳光。 进一步研究显示，植物会通过化学物质与周围树木"交流"信息。当与邻近树木接近到一定程度时，树木 会作出反应，调整生长空间。 不只是"树冠羞避"，整个森林生态系统正是在既"竞争"又"礼让"中，形成稳定、平衡的生态系统。高大 的乔木和低矮的灌木、草本植物等，共同构成立体丰富的植物图景。 （作者为西南林业大学林学院教授，本报记者杨文明采访整理） 为了自我保护，也为了更好获取阳光，树木的树冠尽量保持距离，这就是"树冠羞避"现象 在云南哀牢山的森林里，生存空间再拥挤，相邻树木的树冠也不会相互遮挡，尽量保持距离。这种现象 被称作"树冠羞避"，常见于热带、亚热带阔叶林。 树木也会相互"礼让"？这是什么原因？相关研究从不同方向作出解释。 从物理角度来说，树冠之间相互摩擦碰撞，会导致树冠的枝条树叶特别是顶端出现磨损，一旦有了缺 口，病虫害就容易侵入。因此，保持距离的树木，会有更多生存机会；顶端被磨损后，树木也会转向其 他方向生长，减少跟周围树木靠近的机会。保持距离，是树木为了自我保护达成的"共识"。 选题线索来信邮箱：rm ...