Core Viewpoint - The discovery and publication of a new species of Rhododendron, named "Mulun Rhododendron," by researchers from various institutions highlights the biodiversity of the Rhododendron genus in China and its potential ecological and economic significance [1][2][5]. Group 1: Discovery and Classification - The new species, Mulun Rhododendron, was identified and published in the international journal "Plant Taxonomy" by researchers from Guangxi Institute of Botany, Zhejiang Normal University, and other organizations [1]. - Morphologically, Mulun Rhododendron resembles Wuming Rhododendron but is distinguished by its hairless buds, petioles, and leaves, as well as its larger, funnel-shaped flower corolla that is white with a light pink hue [2]. Group 2: Conservation Status - The population of Mulun Rhododendron is critically low, with fewer than 250 mature individuals identified, and the largest subpopulation containing no more than 150 mature individuals, categorizing it as endangered (EN) according to the IUCN Red List [2]. Group 3: Biodiversity and Economic Importance - The Rhododendron genus is the most diverse within the Ericaceae family, with approximately 1,150 species globally, over 1,000 of which are found in the Northern Hemisphere, predominantly in China and the Malay Archipelago [5]. - China is home to around 600 species of Rhododendron, with more than 400 being endemic, particularly in the southern and southwestern regions where species diversity is highest [5]. - The discovery of Mulun Rhododendron adds to the diversity of the Rhododendron genus in China and emphasizes its importance as a unique genetic resource for karst ecological restoration and landscape development [5].