Core Viewpoint - The International Court of Justice (ICJ) has ruled that a "clean, healthy, and sustainable environment" is a fundamental human right, marking a significant breakthrough in international law regarding climate change [1][2] Group 1: Legal Implications - The ruling establishes a legal framework for national climate responsibilities and suggests that fossil fuel production and subsidies may violate international law, pressuring countries to accelerate energy transitions [1] - The decision paves the way for countries to initiate lawsuits against each other regarding climate change, including historical greenhouse gas emissions [1] Group 2: Impact on Climate Legislation - The ruling is expected to catalyze three effects: prompting countries to revise domestic climate legislation, inspiring emerging markets to hold developed nations accountable for historical emissions, and setting a strong binding tone for COP30 negotiations [2] - The 2025 Conference of the Parties (COP) may focus on the judicial operation mechanisms of a "climate compensation fund" and incorporate human rights protection clauses into the implementation details of the Paris Agreement [2]