Group 1 - The origin of incense burning customs dates back to ancient sacrificial activities, where natural elements like the sun, moon, mountains, and rivers were worshipped for favorable weather [1] - During the late Shang and Zhou dynasties, frequent sacrificial activities further promoted the development of incense burning customs, which became popular among the aristocracy during the Warring States period [2] - The opening of the Silk Road during the Western Han dynasty facilitated the continuous influx of various incense materials from the Western regions, leading to a unique incense culture that combined local and foreign elements [2] Group 2 - The Boshan furnace, a typical incense burner from the Han dynasty, not only served practical purposes but also symbolized the ruling class's strong desire for immortality and spiritual transcendence [2] - The design of the Boshan furnace evolved from earlier bronze vessels, showcasing creative modifications that reflected the social status of its owners, often found in royal or noble tombs [2] - The evolution of the Boshan furnace illustrates the innovative development of Chinese incense culture and provides important insights into the interaction between material civilization and spiritual beliefs in ancient China [3]