Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the article emphasizes the rapid and dangerous nature of mountain floods, particularly triggered by short-duration heavy rainfall events [1][3] - Short-duration heavy rainfall is defined as precipitation that significantly exceeds normal levels in a very short time, such as over 20 millimeters in one hour, often associated with severe weather phenomena like thunderstorms and hail [3] - The mountainous terrain exacerbates the risk of flooding due to its funnel-like structure, which allows rainwater to flow rapidly downhill, unlike flat plains that provide more space for water absorption and slow flow [5] Group 2 - Soil saturation plays a critical role in the formation of mountain floods; after continuous rainfall, the upper soil layers become saturated and lose their ability to absorb additional water, leading to surface runoff [7] - Healthy vegetation can intercept 10% to 30% of rainfall and slow down surface runoff, but human activities like deforestation can damage this ecological barrier, increasing the speed of water flow and the risk of secondary disasters like mudslides [9] - During flood events, immediate evacuation to higher ground is crucial if signs of flooding are observed, such as loud noises from upstream or rapidly rising water levels [11] Group 3 - Precautionary measures during flood season include avoiding camping, fishing, or driving through flooded areas, and staying informed about flood warnings from meteorological and natural resource departments [13] - Residents in flood-prone areas should familiarize themselves with evacuation routes and prepare emergency supplies, emphasizing the importance of early evacuation [13]