Core Insights - The research reveals that agricultural expansion since the Industrial Revolution has significantly impacted secondary organic aerosol (SOA) and its climate effects, highlighting the relationship between land use changes and atmospheric composition [1][2] Group 1: Research Findings - The study indicates that global agricultural expansion has led to a 10% reduction in the emissions of key SOA precursors, resulting in a corresponding 10% decrease in total SOA levels, which weakens its cooling effect on the climate [1] - The net cooling effect of SOA has decreased by 11% due to agricultural expansion, and under future climate warming scenarios, the warming effect of similar agricultural expansion will increase by approximately 50% compared to current conditions [1] Group 2: Policy Implications - The research emphasizes the need for integrated policies that consider both food security and climate change, particularly the dual impact of land use changes on carbon accounting and aerosol cooling effects [2] - It suggests that protecting and restoring forest ecosystems can not only enhance carbon sequestration but also maintain the crucial natural cooling functions of SOA, which will become increasingly valuable in the context of future climate warming [2]