瞄准国家急需，山东科技工作者们用创新打开发展空间 解构晶体密码 破译大海语言 徐现刚：攻克12英寸碳化硅晶体稳定制备核心难题 "这些晶体材料，能让新能源汽车充电时间压缩至原来的三分之一。"在山东大学晶体材料全国重点 实验室，一块块12英寸碳化硅单晶衬底正在"生长间"里如期稳定生长。它们的"锻造者"就是山东大学晶 体材料全国重点实验室主任、新一代半导体材料集成攻关大平台主任、教授徐现刚。"晶体是非常典型 的新质生产力。下一步将继续服务山东经济建设，服务国家重大需求。"徐现刚说。 徐现刚的恩师蒋民华院士常说："科研要瞄准国家急需"，这句话成为徐现刚攻坚攀峰的"指南针"。 历时20余年，徐现刚带领团队不仅成功攻克12英寸碳化硅晶体稳定制备核心难题，更主动扛起产业化布 局的重任。近年来，他转让碳化硅专利近20项，牵头孵化碳化硅企业3家，近5年在山东实现产值超58亿 元，带动产值超千亿元。科技报国，薪火相传，徐现刚说，"看到年轻一代成长起来，甚至超越我们， 这就是我作为'铺路石'最大的欣慰。" 孙宝江：为我国深海深层油气工程安全保驾护航 "目前，我们团队研发的技术装备列装了我国蓝鲸Ⅱ号等12座半潜式深水钻井平台，使我国 ...

在演讲现场，刘院士用三赴南极、两赴北极的亲身经历，介绍了南北两极的差异、极地生态环境，带领 观众领略地球两极的神奇风光，并强调了极地考察的重大意义。 刘嘉麒介绍了两极的特征，明晰了地极与磁极间的区别，解释了极昼极夜现象的产生原因。"寒冷干燥 是极地的特色，冰天雪地是那里的常态。夏季极昼全天阳光普照，没有夜晚。冬季极夜长夜难明，看不 见太阳，绚丽多彩的极光犹如天空燃放的焰火，能在瞬间把宁静的夜空映得通明。"他这样描述他看到 的极地。 刘嘉麒院 刘嘉麒院 士献语青少年（直播截图） 封面新闻记者 吉星 "在冰天雪地里头看到五星红旗在极地飘扬，比在天安门前看到飘扬还激动。"12月31日，封面新闻携手 中国科学院物理研究所推出大型跨年科学直播——《复兴路上的科学力量》，中国科学院院士、地质学 家刘嘉麒在现场这样感慨道。 士（直播截图） 84岁高龄的刘嘉麒院士是中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所研究员，从事火山学、第四纪地质学等领域 的研究，主持过多项国家级科研项目，获得多项国家科技奖。 刘嘉麒介绍了南北极的生态环境，展示了在北极生存的北极熊、驯鹿、狐狸、海豹、苔藓等生物。据他 介绍，由于全球气候变化，北极地区冰层融化加剧， ...

（中文版全文）《黄岩岛珊瑚礁生态调查报告》 | | | | 摘要 | | --- | | 、 自然环境概况…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 3 | | 调查情况 | | ון 黄岩岛珊瑚礁生态系统状况……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….9 | | (一)黄岩岛礁盘造礁石珊瑚覆盖面积保持稳定 9 | | (二)黄岩岛珊瑚礁生态系统状况良好 | | (三)黄岩岛潟湖北部分布有连片繁茂海草 | | 四、 黄岩岛国家级自然保护区珊瑚礁生态系统状况 16 | | (一) 珊瑚礁生态系统状况良好 | | (二) 珍稀濒危野生动物种类丰富 | | 五、 黄岩岛珊瑚礁生态系统面临的威胁……………………………………………………………………………19 | | (一)海表温度异常升高带来的胁迫 . | | (二) 潜在敌害生物暴发带来的威胁 | ...

时隔60余年，安芷生和《开讲啦》一起故地重游。他回忆说，当时没有想到，在北京这个地区能够发现类似于黄土高原的黄土。这还要追溯到距今7万~1 万年期间，全球经历了一次冰期。那时气候寒冷干燥，来自内陆沙漠的粉尘顺着季风环流，沉降到了中国中东部地区，堆积成了黄土高原，也给北京这里 披上了一层"黄土外衣"。这些来自远古的粉尘，实际上是记录东亚季风气候变化的独特档案。 （来源：中科院之声） 你可能不会想到，黄土高原的黄土竟能影响到北太平洋三文鱼的口感。这可不是凭空想象，其背后是一条被称为"铁肥效应"的关键路径——富含铁元素的 沙尘沉降入海，促进了浮游植物的繁盛，从而滋养了整个生物链。但黄土的神奇远不止于此。黄土与土壤的交叠，默默记录了地球260万年的气候脉搏； 黄土的进退抉择，直接牵动着黄河下游亿万人的安全！ 本期《开讲啦》邀请中国科学院院士，第四纪科学家与地球系统科学家安芷生，带领我们透过黄土，解读黄河的故事，揭示全球气候变化与黄土之间千丝 万缕的联系。 北京也有"黄土高原"？ 1963年春天，年轻的安芷生来到北京市门头沟斋堂镇的山坡上，俯身抓起了一把黄土。那一刻他也不会想到，这捧看似普通的黄土，竟隐藏着一段横跨数 ...

21世纪经济报道记者卢陶然北京报道 12月3日，中国气象局在12月新闻发布会上发布《中国温室气体公报（2024年）》。中国气象局科技司 司长曾沁表示，世界气象组织（WMO）发布第21期全球温室气体公报指出，2024年三种主要温室气体 的全球近地面浓度继续升高。其中，二氧化碳平均浓度为423.9ppm，比2023年增加了3.5ppm，是自 1957年开展现代观测以来的最大年增量。甲烷和氧化亚氮年均浓度分别为1942ppb和338ppb。 三是全球野火增加，导致额外碳排放。世界气象组织公报显示，2024年美洲地区野火排放量攀升至历史 极值，南美洲多国表现尤为突出。亚马逊地区自2023年持续干旱，叠加厄尔尼诺及北大西洋海温异常共 同影响，致使2024年火灾碳及总碳的排放量均达历史极值。 "温室气体浓度变化是多因素共同作用的结果，后续将进一步加强监测、评估、分析，为认识全球气候 变化机制提供技术支撑。"邵楠对记者强调。 （文章来源：21世纪经济报道） 全球平均二氧化碳年增量为3.5ppm，达到现代仪器观测以来最大值，具体原因有哪些？发布会上，中 国气象局气象探测中心副主任邵楠在回答21世纪经济报道记者提问时表示，20 ...

中国生态环境部新闻发言人裴晓菲28日在北京举行的新闻发布会上介绍说，该报告由生态环境部华南环 境科学研究所、生态环境部珠江南海局监测与科研中心、生态环境部国家海洋环境监测中心等8家单位 共同编制。 报告指出，黄岩岛珊瑚礁生态系统健康稳定，现场调查共记录造礁石珊瑚14科39属134种，较2024年调 查多记录25种，活珊瑚平均覆盖度为29.8%，珊瑚幼体补充量较高，珊瑚群落对海水温度升高具有较好 的抵抗力和耐受性；礁栖生物多样性丰富，现场调查记录到礁栖鱼类24科145种，较2024年调查多记录 20种。此外，还记录到砗磲3种，以及壳状珊瑚藻、苍珊瑚、软珊瑚、海百合等，未发现珊瑚向大型藻 类的相变，未发现珊瑚礁病害现象。现场调查还记录到黄岩岛潟湖内分布着3种海草，分别为卵叶喜盐 草、圆叶丝粉草和针叶草。 报告认为，黄岩岛自然生态系统多样性、稳定性、持续性好，可以为南海海洋生物提供重要栖息地和庇 护所，也是记录全球气候变化和环境演变的重要载体。另一方面，随着气候变化程度加剧，黄岩岛珊瑚 礁面临热胁迫压力不断增大，珊瑚礁白化潜在风险仍不容忽视。 评估报告显示，黄岩岛珊瑚礁生态系统健康稳定 编辑：万可义 中新社北京11 ...

Core Points - The COP30 conference concluded in Belem, Brazil, with the adoption of a new climate action agreement titled "Global Mobilization: United Action to Address Climate Change Challenges" [1] - The agreement calls for wealthy nations to double their funding by 2035 to assist other countries in addressing global climate change [1] - It highlights the impact of increasing trade barriers on the use of clean energy technologies and urges climate institutions to analyze how international trade can align with climate action [1]

Core Insights - The tree line in the Tibetan Plateau has been rising at an average rate of 1.7 meters per decade over the past 120 years, which is predicted to compress the natural habitats of high-altitude endemic species by 20% to 70%, increasing the risk of species loss [1][2] Group 1: Climate Change and Ecological Impact - The Tibetan Plateau, known as the "Water Tower of Asia," is undergoing a chain reaction of changes characterized by warming, increased humidity, and greening, while also becoming darker due to reduced albedo from melting glaciers and increased vegetation [2] - The darkening of the surface is expected to cause significant changes in Earth system processes, including adjustments in the Asian monsoon circulation and an increase in the frequency of extreme weather events [2] - The ecological system services of the Tibetan Plateau are gradually improving, with the proportion of high-quality grassland and forest areas increasing by 6% and 12% respectively, and soil quality improving by 40% [2] Group 2: Biodiversity Discoveries - The second Tibetan scientific expedition has achieved significant advancements in biodiversity research, including the digitalization and precise investigation of biodiversity, resulting in the publication of over 3,000 new species [3] - New species include 205 animal species, 388 plant species, and 2,593 microbial species, highlighting the unique adaptations of organisms to the high-altitude environment [3] - The research revealed that environmental heterogeneity in the southeastern river canyons of the Tibetan Plateau helps mitigate the adverse effects of climate change on amphibian species [3]

Core Viewpoint - The UN climate conference in Belem, Brazil, is a critical moment for translating the "1.5 degrees Celsius target" from scientific consensus into practical action, with the absence of the US testing multilateral cooperation [1] Group 1: Challenges and Goals - The urgency of global climate change is evident, with extreme heat becoming more frequent, making consensus and actionable steps crucial at this juncture [1] - Key challenges in implementing national contributions include assessing the adequacy of efforts and the gap between national targets and global goals, particularly for developing countries that require financial support [1][4] Group 2: Principles for Progress - Countries must submit their 2035 emission reduction targets, adhering to the principles of the Paris Agreement, where developed nations should lead in reductions to allow developing countries more space for growth [4] - China's proposed national contribution targets are ambitious yet pragmatic, aiming for clearer pathways to implementation and demonstrating a commitment recognized by conference participants [4] Group 3: Impact of US Withdrawal - The impact of the US withdrawal from climate agreements is more significant this time, as it not only refrains from action but also influences other nations' efforts through legal and policy pressures [5] Group 4: China's New Targets - China's new 2035 emission reduction targets represent two breakthroughs: the inclusion of non-CO2 greenhouse gases and the first commitment to absolute reductions, aiming for a 5% to 10% decrease from peak emissions [7] - These efforts are seen as leading examples in global climate action [7] Group 5: South-South Cooperation - South-South cooperation plays a vital role in addressing climate change, as it allows developing countries to adopt solutions that facilitate a transition to zero-carbon renewable energy [9] - China's contributions in this area are recognized for their significant impact and effectiveness [9]

Core Points - The 30th Conference of the Parties (COP30) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change is currently taking place in Belem, Brazil, highlighting the urgent need for global action on climate change adaptation [1][2] - Approximately 3.3 to 3.6 billion people are living in highly vulnerable environments due to climate change, with the effectiveness of adaptation decreasing as global temperatures rise [1] - The cost of adaptation for developing countries is estimated to reach several hundred billion dollars annually, while current funding and technological support are insufficient to meet these needs [1] Group 1 - China is actively incorporating climate change adaptation into its national strategy, aiming to establish a climate-resilient society by 2035 [1] - All 31 provinces in China have developed local adaptation action plans, and 39 cities are piloting climate-resilient urban development [1] - The approach consists of a comprehensive framework of "national strategy + provincial implementation + urban demonstration" [1] Group 2 - China expresses willingness to assist other developing countries in enhancing their climate adaptation capabilities through partnerships and South-South cooperation [2] - Early warning systems are emphasized as a critical component for improving climate resilience in developing countries [2] - There is an expectation to gradually establish bilateral or regional early warning cooperation platforms with relevant developing countries [2]