Group 1 - The fourth Yangtze River Delta Agricultural and Rural Ecological Green Low-Carbon Development Academic Seminar was held in Rugao, showcasing new technologies for straw returning and soil quality improvement [1] - The province produces approximately 40 million tons of straw annually, with straw returning technology having been promoted for 13 years, facing challenges such as slow decomposition and pest issues [1] - New technologies presented include flame deactivation technology, which can quickly deactivate surface microorganisms on straw, leading to a yield increase of 65 kilograms per mu for rice when combined with biological agents [1] Group 2 - The provincial agricultural research team's microbial synergistic degradation technology has significantly increased straw degradation rates, while deep plowing returning technology reduces greenhouse gas emissions and enhances soil organic matter [2] - The team has innovatively proposed deep plowing to a depth of 20-25 centimeters, promoting microbial activity and accelerating the conversion of straw carbon to soil organic carbon [2] - In demonstration bases in Rugao, deep plowing has resulted in a yield increase of 600 jin per mu, with a 46% improvement in seedling emergence rates compared to conventional tillage [2] - These technologies have been promoted across various types of problematic soils in Jiangsu, improving soil quality by 0.5 to 1 grade [2]

Core Viewpoint - The autumn water cutting and burying straw returning technology significantly enhances rice yield while reducing fertilizer usage, presenting a viable solution for sustainable agriculture in Northeast China [1] Group 1: Technology Overview - The autumn water cutting and burying straw returning technology allows for rice straw to be buried in the soil after harvest, achieving a yield of 670.3 kg per mu (approximately 0.067 hectares) with a 28% reduction in fertilizer usage compared to control fields, resulting in an increase of 67.4 kg per mu [1] - This technology transforms traditional straw returning methods by utilizing the effective accumulated temperature during the 200-day fall, winter, and spring period, and creates a favorable environment for microbial activity through water-based soil preparation [1] Group 2: Development and Implementation - The technology has been developed over several years by the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, which also created supporting machinery and water-fertilizer management techniques [1] - Experts in the industry recognize that the integration of agricultural machinery and agronomy in this technology addresses significant challenges in straw returning in Northeast China, contributing to the protection of black soil and increasing rice yield on a large scale [1]